1 Clustring Processed data without auxiliary variables

1.1 Imporved Deep Empedding Clustering on the encoded data 6 clusters

1.1.1 Summary table

# results_Kam <- get_ClusterResults(OriginalData = my_imp_data, Labels = kamRes$finalMemb)
table_result <- tableby(clusters ~ ., data = as.list(results_cluster_data))
summary(table_result, title = "Charachtaristcs of Clusters")  
Charachtaristcs of Clusters
0 (N=266) 1 (N=881) 2 (N=1135) 3 (N=468) 4 (N=129) 5 (N=222) Total (N=3101) p value
Age < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 56.000 (14.812) 61.959 (10.193) 39.788 (12.281) 47.816 (13.477) 67.380 (8.054) 48.766 (14.804) 50.480 (15.626)
   Range 18.000 - 82.000 25.000 - 97.000 17.000 - 75.000 17.000 - 80.000 47.000 - 86.000 19.000 - 81.000 17.000 - 97.000
Gender < 0.001
   No 108 (40.6%) 472 (53.6%) 486 (42.8%) 146 (31.2%) 42 (32.6%) 80 (36.0%) 1334 (43.0%)
   Yes 158 (59.4%) 409 (46.4%) 649 (57.2%) 322 (68.8%) 87 (67.4%) 142 (64.0%) 1767 (57.0%)
BMI < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 27.306 (5.106) 27.342 (4.465) 25.071 (4.004) 27.359 (4.839) 30.093 (4.748) 27.216 (5.132) 26.616 (4.665)
   Range 17.668 - 50.058 17.296 - 48.870 16.534 - 46.094 17.029 - 44.444 20.292 - 46.475 17.603 - 48.919 16.534 - 50.058
age at asthma onset as numeeric variable < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 24.090 (20.747) 6.716 (14.153) 6.537 (11.610) 18.861 (13.721) 47.969 (13.804) 21.829 (17.106) 12.772 (17.284)
   Range -1.000 - 70.000 -1.000 - 68.000 -1.000 - 72.000 -1.000 - 62.000 1.000 - 70.000 -1.000 - 68.000 -1.000 - 72.000
Cough < 0.001
   No 151 (56.8%) 690 (78.3%) 989 (87.1%) 295 (63.0%) 45 (34.9%) 118 (53.2%) 2288 (73.8%)
   Yes 115 (43.2%) 191 (21.7%) 146 (12.9%) 173 (37.0%) 84 (65.1%) 104 (46.8%) 813 (26.2%)
Breathlessness < 0.001
   No 89 (33.5%) 638 (72.4%) 793 (69.9%) 101 (21.6%) 17 (13.2%) 31 (14.0%) 1669 (53.8%)
   Yes 177 (66.5%) 243 (27.6%) 342 (30.1%) 367 (78.4%) 112 (86.8%) 191 (86.0%) 1432 (46.2%)
Recurrent_wheeze < 0.001
   No 190 (71.4%) 797 (90.5%) 1053 (92.8%) 368 (78.6%) 79 (61.2%) 161 (72.5%) 2648 (85.4%)
   Yes 76 (28.6%) 84 (9.5%) 82 (7.2%) 100 (21.4%) 50 (38.8%) 61 (27.5%) 453 (14.6%)
dyspenea < 0.001
   No 180 (67.7%) 791 (89.8%) 1070 (94.3%) 375 (80.1%) 59 (45.7%) 161 (72.5%) 2636 (85.0%)
   Yes 86 (32.3%) 90 (10.2%) 65 (5.7%) 93 (19.9%) 70 (54.3%) 61 (27.5%) 465 (15.0%)
Chronic_productive_cough < 0.001
   No 184 (69.2%) 761 (86.4%) 1058 (93.2%) 374 (79.9%) 66 (51.2%) 152 (68.5%) 2595 (83.7%)
   Yes 82 (30.8%) 120 (13.6%) 77 (6.8%) 94 (20.1%) 63 (48.8%) 70 (31.5%) 506 (16.3%)
FEV1_FVC_ratio_post < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.719 (0.118) 0.771 (0.079) 0.818 (0.065) 0.779 (0.081) 0.745 (0.121) 0.761 (0.097) 0.783 (0.088)
   Range 0.267 - 0.940 0.230 - 1.028 0.259 - 1.180 0.371 - 1.006 0.295 - 1.590 0.340 - 0.995 0.230 - 1.590
Reversibility < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 8.389 (8.958) 5.046 (6.019) 4.824 (5.522) 6.628 (6.482) 9.447 (9.058) 8.885 (7.899) 5.948 (6.698)
   Range -26.774 - 49.612 -6.583 - 55.102 -12.603 - 77.242 -20.000 - 53.704 -4.908 - 67.273 -12.121 - 46.196 -26.774 - 77.242
pd20 < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 2939.591 (2381.793) 3065.124 (2878.823) 1811.279 (2376.419) 1869.865 (2583.100) 3007.622 (2054.640) 1784.233 (1891.780) 2320.957 (2587.337)
   Range 0.000 - 19387.500 -26261.250 - 38775.000 -23548.530 - 25908.750 -6521.250 - 38775.000 41.284 - 12925.000 -2562.590 - 9693.750 -26261.250 - 38775.000
tlco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 91.919 (18.669) 91.671 (13.480) 106.629 (22.419) 104.911 (19.551) 84.576 (16.531) 104.834 (15.491) 99.813 (20.194)
   Range 44.453 - 145.795 44.914 - 141.333 62.015 - 680.093 59.402 - 389.709 44.477 - 136.837 48.917 - 161.534 44.453 - 680.093
kco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 91.912 (18.476) 90.369 (13.107) 101.153 (12.651) 103.256 (13.803) 89.372 (17.434) 104.704 (14.140) 97.378 (15.016)
   Range 28.161 - 142.603 47.025 - 141.410 43.704 - 139.983 65.437 - 144.168 40.972 - 139.418 60.955 - 149.720 28.161 - 149.720
FeNO < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 22.176 (18.802) 23.723 (19.443) 19.969 (14.403) 25.069 (20.897) 26.625 (26.791) 30.997 (25.968) 23.061 (19.138)
   Range 3.600 - 155.000 3.500 - 203.000 0.000 - 138.000 4.600 - 226.000 5.000 - 193.000 5.000 - 155.000 0.000 - 226.000
Eosinophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.224 (0.206) 0.199 (0.137) 0.179 (0.125) 0.187 (0.128) 0.208 (0.141) 0.311 (0.209) 0.200 (0.149)
   Range 0.010 - 2.300 0.000 - 1.000 0.000 - 0.900 0.000 - 0.900 0.020 - 0.800 0.040 - 1.200 0.000 - 2.300
Neutrophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 4.197 (1.659) 3.856 (1.357) 3.427 (1.149) 3.750 (1.281) 4.583 (1.512) 4.062 (1.418) 3.757 (1.349)
   Range 1.600 - 12.500 1.300 - 11.500 0.700 - 9.710 1.100 - 12.300 2.000 - 10.000 1.000 - 9.400 0.700 - 12.500
Lymphocyties < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 2.028 (0.859) 2.021 (0.756) 1.932 (0.542) 1.877 (0.558) 1.946 (0.622) 1.997 (0.568) 1.962 (0.649)
   Range 0.300 - 11.200 0.400 - 9.400 0.300 - 4.000 0.400 - 5.000 0.900 - 4.000 0.700 - 4.100 0.300 - 11.200
Monocytes < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.441 (0.165) 0.467 (0.174) 0.382 (0.128) 0.387 (0.124) 0.445 (0.149) 0.452 (0.146) 0.420 (0.152)
   Range 0.200 - 1.100 0.200 - 2.400 0.100 - 1.000 0.200 - 1.000 0.200 - 0.900 0.200 - 1.100 0.100 - 2.400
Basophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.031 (0.046) 0.023 (0.040) 0.025 (0.041) 0.005 (0.020) 0.030 (0.045) 0.105 (0.028) 0.028 (0.044)
   Range 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.100 0.000 - 0.100 0.040 - 0.300 0.000 - 0.300
spt_any < 0.001
   No 122 (45.9%) 279 (31.7%) 208 (18.3%) 157 (33.5%) 110 (85.3%) 68 (30.6%) 944 (30.4%)
   Yes 144 (54.1%) 602 (68.3%) 927 (81.7%) 311 (66.5%) 19 (14.7%) 154 (69.4%) 2157 (69.6%)
familial_allergy < 0.001
   No 168 (63.2%) 713 (80.9%) 573 (50.5%) 174 (37.2%) 98 (76.0%) 111 (50.0%) 1837 (59.2%)
   Yes 98 (36.8%) 168 (19.1%) 562 (49.5%) 294 (62.8%) 31 (24.0%) 111 (50.0%) 1264 (40.8%)
Drug_induced_dyspnea < 0.001
   No 240 (90.2%) 860 (97.6%) 1117 (98.4%) 444 (94.9%) 121 (93.8%) 202 (91.0%) 2984 (96.2%)
   Yes 26 (9.8%) 21 (2.4%) 18 (1.6%) 24 (5.1%) 8 (6.2%) 20 (9.0%) 117 (3.8%)
nasal_plyposis < 0.001
   No 141 (53.0%) 416 (47.2%) 701 (61.8%) 282 (60.3%) 73 (56.6%) 120 (54.1%) 1733 (55.9%)
   Yes 125 (47.0%) 465 (52.8%) 434 (38.2%) 186 (39.7%) 56 (43.4%) 102 (45.9%) 1368 (44.1%)
Ever_rhinitis < 0.001
   No 68 (25.6%) 221 (25.1%) 420 (37.0%) 115 (24.6%) 16 (12.4%) 51 (23.0%) 891 (28.7%)
   Yes 198 (74.4%) 660 (74.9%) 715 (63.0%) 353 (75.4%) 113 (87.6%) 171 (77.0%) 2210 (71.3%)
gina_steps < 0.001
   onlys saba or non users 0 (0.0%) 807 (91.6%) 980 (86.3%) 313 (66.9%) 108 (83.7%) 144 (64.9%) 2352 (75.8%)
   step 1 or 2 5 (1.9%) 60 (6.8%) 117 (10.3%) 140 (29.9%) 21 (16.3%) 66 (29.7%) 409 (13.2%)
   step3 47 (17.7%) 12 (1.4%) 35 (3.1%) 15 (3.2%) 0 (0.0%) 9 (4.1%) 118 (3.8%)
   step4 or 5 214 (80.5%) 2 (0.2%) 3 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (1.4%) 222 (7.2%)
Hosptalization_last_year < 0.001
   No 237 (89.1%) 821 (93.2%) 1100 (96.9%) 451 (96.4%) 113 (87.6%) 216 (97.3%) 2938 (94.7%)
   Yes 29 (10.9%) 60 (6.8%) 35 (3.1%) 17 (3.6%) 16 (12.4%) 6 (2.7%) 163 (5.3%)
Emergency_last_year < 0.001
   No 185 (69.5%) 746 (84.7%) 1030 (90.7%) 399 (85.3%) 95 (73.6%) 185 (83.3%) 2640 (85.1%)
   Yes 81 (30.5%) 135 (15.3%) 105 (9.3%) 69 (14.7%) 34 (26.4%) 37 (16.7%) 461 (14.9%)
severe_asthma < 0.001
   No 66 (24.8%) 829 (94.1%) 1089 (95.9%) 427 (91.2%) 108 (83.7%) 189 (85.1%) 2708 (87.3%)
   Yes 200 (75.2%) 52 (5.9%) 46 (4.1%) 41 (8.8%) 21 (16.3%) 33 (14.9%) 393 (12.7%)
gina_control < 0.001
   controlled 66 (24.8%) 410 (46.5%) 622 (54.8%) 163 (34.8%) 25 (19.4%) 58 (26.1%) 1344 (43.3%)
   partially controlled 137 (51.5%) 379 (43.0%) 432 (38.1%) 249 (53.2%) 74 (57.4%) 120 (54.1%) 1391 (44.9%)
   uncontrolled 63 (23.7%) 92 (10.4%) 81 (7.1%) 56 (12.0%) 30 (23.3%) 44 (19.8%) 366 (11.8%)
education < 0.001
   primary 124 (46.6%) 318 (36.1%) 655 (57.7%) 261 (55.8%) 36 (27.9%) 97 (43.7%) 1491 (48.1%)
   secondary 102 (38.3%) 377 (42.8%) 422 (37.2%) 178 (38.0%) 46 (35.7%) 97 (43.7%) 1222 (39.4%)
   tertiary 40 (15.0%) 186 (21.1%) 58 (5.1%) 29 (6.2%) 47 (36.4%) 28 (12.6%) 388 (12.5%)
urbanization_level < 0.001
   No 147 (55.3%) 362 (41.1%) 354 (31.2%) 293 (62.6%) 97 (75.2%) 131 (59.0%) 1384 (44.6%)
   Yes 119 (44.7%) 519 (58.9%) 781 (68.8%) 175 (37.4%) 32 (24.8%) 91 (41.0%) 1717 (55.4%)
smoking_status < 0.001
   never smoker 130 (48.9%) 326 (37.0%) 781 (68.8%) 263 (56.2%) 56 (43.4%) 126 (56.8%) 1682 (54.2%)
   former smokers 117 (44.0%) 438 (49.7%) 287 (25.3%) 172 (36.8%) 58 (45.0%) 76 (34.2%) 1148 (37.0%)
   current smoker 19 (7.1%) 117 (13.3%) 67 (5.9%) 33 (7.1%) 15 (11.6%) 20 (9.0%) 271 (8.7%)
pack_years < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 17.410 (18.635) 18.092 (14.959) 4.490 (4.865) 7.582 (7.468) 27.908 (19.416) 9.828 (9.466) 11.286 (13.388)
   Range 0.018 - 111.000 0.007 - 104.000 0.000 - 35.000 0.000 - 43.000 0.600 - 112.500 0.000 - 55.500 0.000 - 112.500
smoking_exposure_at_home < 0.001
   No 93 (35.0%) 204 (23.2%) 627 (55.2%) 147 (31.4%) 27 (20.9%) 86 (38.7%) 1184 (38.2%)
   Yes 173 (65.0%) 677 (76.8%) 508 (44.8%) 321 (68.6%) 102 (79.1%) 136 (61.3%) 1917 (61.8%)
smoking_exposure_at_work < 0.001
   No 152 (57.1%) 321 (36.4%) 901 (79.4%) 288 (61.5%) 49 (38.0%) 150 (67.6%) 1861 (60.0%)
   Yes 114 (42.9%) 560 (63.6%) 234 (20.6%) 180 (38.5%) 80 (62.0%) 72 (32.4%) 1240 (40.0%)
household_damage < 0.001
   No 239 (89.8%) 825 (93.6%) 950 (83.7%) 404 (86.3%) 119 (92.2%) 195 (87.8%) 2732 (88.1%)
   Yes 27 (10.2%) 56 (6.4%) 185 (16.3%) 64 (13.7%) 10 (7.8%) 27 (12.2%) 369 (11.9%)
exertion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 87 (32.7%) 797 (90.5%) 942 (83.0%) 30 (6.4%) 23 (17.8%) 20 (9.0%) 1899 (61.2%)
   Yes 179 (67.3%) 84 (9.5%) 193 (17.0%) 438 (93.6%) 106 (82.2%) 202 (91.0%) 1202 (38.8%)
infection_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 83 (31.2%) 797 (90.5%) 975 (85.9%) 31 (6.6%) 23 (17.8%) 18 (8.1%) 1927 (62.1%)
   Yes 183 (68.8%) 84 (9.5%) 160 (14.1%) 437 (93.4%) 106 (82.2%) 204 (91.9%) 1174 (37.9%)
allergen_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 201 (75.6%) 842 (95.6%) 1055 (93.0%) 223 (47.6%) 96 (74.4%) 121 (54.5%) 2538 (81.8%)
   Yes 65 (24.4%) 39 (4.4%) 80 (7.0%) 245 (52.4%) 33 (25.6%) 101 (45.5%) 563 (18.2%)
irritant_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 225 (84.6%) 869 (98.6%) 1111 (97.9%) 336 (71.8%) 112 (86.8%) 163 (73.4%) 2816 (90.8%)
   Yes 41 (15.4%) 12 (1.4%) 24 (2.1%) 132 (28.2%) 17 (13.2%) 59 (26.6%) 285 (9.2%)
weather_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 177 (66.5%) 863 (98.0%) 1124 (99.0%) 163 (34.8%) 76 (58.9%) 86 (38.7%) 2489 (80.3%)
   Yes 89 (33.5%) 18 (2.0%) 11 (1.0%) 305 (65.2%) 53 (41.1%) 136 (61.3%) 612 (19.7%)
emotion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 246 (92.5%) 878 (99.7%) 1129 (99.5%) 401 (85.7%) 106 (82.2%) 176 (79.3%) 2936 (94.7%)
   Yes 20 (7.5%) 3 (0.3%) 6 (0.5%) 67 (14.3%) 23 (17.8%) 46 (20.7%) 165 (5.3%)
XCOPD < 0.001
   No 192 (72.2%) 820 (93.1%) 1111 (97.9%) 419 (89.5%) 93 (72.1%) 192 (86.5%) 2827 (91.2%)
   Yes 74 (27.8%) 61 (6.9%) 24 (2.1%) 49 (10.5%) 36 (27.9%) 30 (13.5%) 274 (8.8%)

1.1.2 Charachtiristic Analysis

catdes(results_cluster_data, dim(results_cluster_data)[2])
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the categorical variables (chi-square test)
## =================================================================================
##                                  p.value df
## gina_steps                  0.000000e+00 15
## exertion_triggered_asthma   0.000000e+00  5
## infection_triggered_asthma  0.000000e+00  5
## weather_triggered_asthma   4.766057e-289  5
## severe_asthma              3.791249e-227  5
## Breathlessness             9.584809e-151  5
## allergen_triggered_asthma  1.485091e-148  5
## irritant_triggered_asthma   7.026520e-91  5
## smoking_exposure_at_work    2.491500e-87  5
## dyspenea                    8.071688e-73  5
## Cough                       1.659705e-69  5
## familial_allergy            1.989879e-68  5
## emotion_triggered_asthma    1.803248e-66  5
## spt_any                     1.545222e-61  5
## Chronic_productive_cough    6.451591e-55  5
## XCOPD                       1.608214e-52  5
## smoking_exposure_at_home    3.714230e-52  5
## education                   1.004803e-47 10
## urbanization_level          2.663487e-47  5
## Recurrent_wheeze            9.235255e-45  5
## smoking_status              1.739600e-41 10
## gina_control                2.002237e-39 10
## Emergency_last_year         1.233815e-18  5
## Gender                      2.710162e-15  5
## Ever_rhinitis               1.430648e-13  5
## Drug_induced_dyspnea        3.818094e-13  5
## household_damage            8.260654e-10  5
## Hosptalization_last_year    1.009475e-09  5
## nasal_plyposis              4.313040e-09  5
## 
## Description of each cluster by the categories
## =============================================
## $`0`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global       p.value
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              96.396396 80.451128  7.158981 2.161967e-267
## severe_asthma=Yes                  50.890585 75.187970 12.673331 6.712107e-143
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     15.587734 68.796992 37.858755  1.244776e-26
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      14.891847 67.293233 38.761690  8.374717e-23
## XCOPD=Yes                          27.007299 27.819549  8.835859  9.813619e-22
## gina_steps=step3                   39.830508 17.669173  3.805224  1.782545e-21
## dyspenea=Yes                       18.494624 32.330827 14.995163  7.225598e-14
## Breathlessness=Yes                 12.360335 66.541353 46.178652  3.032662e-12
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            17.570499 30.451128 14.866172  1.066291e-11
## Cough=Yes                          14.145141 43.233083 26.217349  3.159892e-10
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       16.205534 30.827068 16.317317  6.565051e-10
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               16.777042 28.571429 14.608191  6.815996e-10
## gina_control=uncontrolled          17.213115 23.684211 11.802644  1.212571e-08
## spt_any=No                         12.923729 45.864662 30.441793  3.205390e-08
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       14.542484 33.458647 19.735569  3.216530e-08
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           22.222222  9.774436  3.772976  4.207334e-06
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       17.791411 10.902256  5.256369  1.152336e-04
## urbanization_level=No              10.621387 55.263158 44.630764  2.842742e-04
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      14.385965 15.413534  9.190584  6.330357e-04
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      11.545293 24.436090 18.155434  7.205939e-03
## smoking_status=former smokers      10.191638 43.984962 37.020316  1.489282e-02
## gina_control=partially controlled   9.849029 51.503759 44.856498  2.320737e-02
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        7.919622 75.563910 81.844566  7.205939e-03
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        7.990057 84.586466 90.809416  6.330357e-04
## urbanization_level=Yes              6.930693 44.736842 55.369236  2.842742e-04
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         8.066712 89.097744 94.743631  1.152336e-04
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             8.042895 90.225564 96.227024  4.207334e-06
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         7.111290 66.541353 80.264431  3.216530e-08
## spt_any=Yes                         6.675939 54.135338 69.558207  3.205390e-08
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 7.175227 71.428571 85.391809  6.815996e-10
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         7.090559 69.172932 83.682683  6.565051e-10
## Cough=No                            6.599650 56.766917 73.782651  3.159892e-10
## gina_control=controlled             4.910714 24.812030 43.340858  6.146898e-11
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              1.222494  1.879699 13.189294  1.282595e-11
## Emergency_last_year=No              7.007576 69.548872 85.133828  1.066291e-11
## Breathlessness=No                   5.332534 33.458647 53.821348  3.032662e-12
## dyspenea=No                         6.828528 67.669173 85.004837  7.225598e-14
## XCOPD=No                            6.791652 72.180451 91.164141  9.813619e-22
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        4.581359 32.706767 61.238310  8.374717e-23
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       4.307213 31.203008 62.141245  1.244776e-26
## severe_asthma=No                    2.437223 24.812030 87.326669 6.712107e-143
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  0.000000  0.000000 75.846501 3.606965e-183
##                                        v.test
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               34.935343
## severe_asthma=Yes                   25.451980
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      10.681328
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes        9.829845
## XCOPD=Yes                            9.578845
## gina_steps=step3                     9.516998
## dyspenea=Yes                         7.483705
## Breathlessness=Yes                   6.976202
## Emergency_last_year=Yes              6.797258
## Cough=Yes                            6.290724
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes         6.176230
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                 6.170301
## gina_control=uncontrolled            5.697949
## spt_any=No                           5.529831
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes         5.529223
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes             4.600868
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes         3.856051
## urbanization_level=No                3.629224
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes        3.417050
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes        2.687174
## smoking_status=former smokers        2.434975
## gina_control=partially controlled    2.270004
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        -2.687174
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        -3.417050
## urbanization_level=Yes              -3.629224
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         -3.856051
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             -4.600868
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         -5.529223
## spt_any=Yes                         -5.529831
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 -6.170301
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         -6.176230
## Cough=No                            -6.290724
## gina_control=controlled             -6.540121
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              -6.770589
## Emergency_last_year=No              -6.797258
## Breathlessness=No                   -6.976202
## dyspenea=No                         -7.483705
## XCOPD=No                            -9.578845
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        -9.829845
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -10.681328
## severe_asthma=No                   -25.451980
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users -28.861764
## 
## $`1`
##                                       Cla/Mod    Mod/Cla    Global
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       41.9694576 90.4653802 61.238310
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      41.3596264 90.4653802 62.141245
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        34.6725593 97.9568672 80.264431
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       45.1612903 63.5641317 39.987101
## familial_allergy=No                38.8132825 80.9307605 59.238955
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 34.3112245 91.6004540 75.846501
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       33.1757289 95.5732123 81.844566
## Breathlessness=No                  38.2264829 72.4177072 53.821348
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       35.3155973 76.8444949 61.818768
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       30.8593750 98.6379115 90.809416
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        29.9046322 99.6594779 94.679136
## smoking_status=former smokers      38.1533101 49.7162316 37.020316
## education=tertiary                 47.9381443 21.1123723 12.512093
## severe_asthma=No                   30.6129985 94.0976163 87.326669
## Gender=No                          35.3823088 53.5754824 43.018381
## household_damage=No                30.1976574 93.6435868 88.100613
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 33.9912281 52.7809308 44.114802
## smoking_status=current smoker      43.1734317 13.2803632  8.739116
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                30.0981873 90.4653802 85.391809
## dyspenea=No                        30.0075873 89.7843360 85.004837
## Cough=No                           30.1573427 78.3200908 73.782651
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  29.8642534 74.9148695 71.267333
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            28.8203753 97.6163451 96.227024
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        29.3256262 86.3791146 83.682683
## urbanization_level=Yes             30.2271404 58.9103292 55.369236
## education=secondary                30.8510638 42.7922815 39.406643
## XCOPD=No                           29.0060134 93.0760499 91.164141
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       36.8098160  6.8104427  5.256369
## gina_control=controlled            30.5059524 46.5380250 43.340858
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        27.9441797 93.1895573 94.743631
## XCOPD=Yes                          22.2627737  6.9239501  8.835859
## urbanization_level=No              26.1560694 41.0896708 44.630764
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       23.7154150 13.6208854 16.317317
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           17.9487179  2.3836549  3.772976
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   24.8035915 25.0851305 28.732667
## Cough=Yes                          23.4932349 21.6799092 26.217349
## dyspenea=Yes                       19.3548387 10.2156640 14.995163
## gina_steps=step3                   10.1694915  1.3620885  3.805224
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               18.5430464  9.5346198 14.608191
## nasal_plyposis=No                  24.0046163 47.2190692 55.885198
## household_damage=Yes               15.1761518  6.3564132 11.899387
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             14.6699267  6.8104427 13.189294
## Gender=Yes                         23.1465761 46.4245176 56.981619
## severe_asthma=Yes                  13.2315522  5.9023837 12.673331
## education=primary                  21.3279678 36.0953462 48.081264
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        1.8181818  0.3405221  5.320864
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       4.2105263  1.3620885  9.190584
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        17.2297297 23.1555051 38.181232
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               0.9009009  0.2270148  7.158981
## smoking_status=never smoker        19.3816885 37.0034052 54.240568
## Breathlessness=Yes                 16.9692737 27.5822928 46.178652
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       6.9271758  4.4267877 18.155434
## familial_allergy=Yes               13.2911392 19.0692395 40.761045
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        17.2487910 36.4358683 60.012899
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        2.9411765  2.0431328 19.735569
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      7.1550256  9.5346198 37.858755
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       6.9883527  9.5346198 38.761690
##                                          p.value     v.test
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       2.052603e-112  22.531213
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      9.483726e-107  21.945869
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         1.763193e-72  18.005525
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        2.681682e-63  16.794408
## familial_allergy=No                 1.176859e-57  16.005120
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  8.974767e-44  13.875036
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        1.552959e-43  13.835664
## Breathlessness=No                   3.006857e-40  13.280424
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        1.288165e-28  11.097629
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        6.504809e-28  10.951928
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         1.153436e-20   9.320913
## smoking_status=former smokers       6.693027e-20   9.132508
## education=tertiary                  2.307166e-18   8.741166
## severe_asthma=No                    3.150334e-14   7.591988
## Gender=No                           9.217340e-14   7.451659
## household_damage=No                 2.670492e-10   6.316792
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  1.028780e-09   6.104880
## smoking_status=current smoker       5.458983e-08   5.435674
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 1.921558e-07   5.206770
## dyspenea=No                         1.337142e-06   4.834152
## Cough=No                            2.543314e-04   3.657859
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   4.431737e-03   2.845675
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             8.301305e-03   2.639563
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         9.647021e-03   2.588231
## urbanization_level=Yes              1.238982e-02   2.500843
## education=secondary                 1.538547e-02   2.423176
## XCOPD=No                            1.636579e-02   2.400654
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        1.702226e-02   2.386227
## gina_control=controlled             2.389404e-02   2.258829
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         1.702226e-02  -2.386227
## XCOPD=Yes                           1.636579e-02  -2.400654
## urbanization_level=No               1.238982e-02  -2.500843
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        9.647021e-03  -2.588231
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            8.301305e-03  -2.639563
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    4.431737e-03  -2.845675
## Cough=Yes                           2.543314e-04  -3.657859
## dyspenea=Yes                        1.337142e-06  -4.834152
## gina_steps=step3                    1.153070e-06  -4.863536
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                1.921558e-07  -5.206770
## nasal_plyposis=No                   1.028780e-09  -6.104880
## household_damage=Yes                2.670492e-10  -6.316792
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              3.136736e-12  -6.971458
## Gender=Yes                          9.217340e-14  -7.451659
## severe_asthma=Yes                   3.150334e-14  -7.591988
## education=primary                   2.771706e-17  -8.455804
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        1.153436e-20  -9.320913
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       6.504809e-28 -10.951928
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         1.288165e-28 -11.097629
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               1.060142e-30 -11.518852
## smoking_status=never smoker         5.819022e-34 -12.148833
## Breathlessness=Yes                  3.006857e-40 -13.280424
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       1.552959e-43 -13.835664
## familial_allergy=Yes                1.176859e-57 -16.005120
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         2.681682e-63 -16.794408
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        1.763193e-72 -18.005525
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     9.483726e-107 -21.945869
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      2.052603e-112 -22.531213
## 
## $`2`
##                                      Cla/Mod    Mod/Cla    Global       p.value
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        45.158698 99.0308370 80.264431 5.173074e-118
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      50.596783 85.9030837 62.141245 1.755219e-103
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       49.605055 82.9955947 61.238310  7.106772e-85
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        48.414831 79.3832599 60.012899  7.536365e-66
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        52.956081 55.2422907 38.181232  1.466189e-49
## Breathlessness=No                  47.513481 69.8678414 53.821348  4.826107e-43
## Cough=No                           43.225524 87.1365639 73.782651  1.422789e-40
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       41.568164 92.9515419 81.844566  3.865763e-38
## smoking_status=never smoker        46.432818 68.8105727 54.240568  9.416948e-36
## severe_asthma=No                   40.214180 95.9471366 87.326669  3.813426e-32
## dyspenea=No                        40.591806 94.2731278 85.004837  1.779893e-31
## urbanization_level=Yes             45.486313 68.8105727 55.369236  8.497165e-31
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        40.770713 93.2158590 83.682683  9.778720e-31
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       39.453125 97.8854626 90.809416  3.741989e-30
## spt_any=Yes                        42.976356 81.6740088 69.558207  4.016019e-30
## XCOPD=No                           39.299611 97.8854626 91.164141  3.479488e-28
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 41.666667 86.3436123 75.846501  1.045894e-26
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        38.453678 99.4713656 94.679136  2.768577e-25
## gina_control=controlled            46.279762 54.8017621 43.340858  1.509686e-22
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                39.765861 92.7753304 85.391809  2.398573e-20
## education=primary                  43.930248 57.7092511 48.081264  3.396519e-16
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   47.138047 37.0044053 28.732667  1.815310e-14
## familial_allergy=Yes               44.462025 49.5154185 40.761045  5.739593e-14
## Emergency_last_year=No             39.015152 90.7488987 85.133828  6.412423e-12
## household_damage=Yes               50.135501 16.2995595 11.899387  1.584299e-08
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            37.432976 98.4140969 96.227024  2.799134e-07
## nasal_plyposis=No                  40.450087 61.7621145 55.885198  5.206032e-07
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        37.440436 96.9162996 94.743631  2.077374e-05
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             28.606357 10.3083700 13.189294  2.629395e-04
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       21.472393  3.0837004  5.256369  2.077374e-05
## smoking_status=current smoker      24.723247  5.9030837  8.739116  1.365974e-05
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 31.725146 38.2378855 44.114802  5.206032e-07
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           15.384615  1.5859031  3.772976  2.799134e-07
## household_damage=No                34.773060 83.7004405 88.100613  1.584299e-08
## gina_control=partially controlled  31.056794 38.0616740 44.856498  6.841593e-09
## gina_control=uncontrolled          22.131148  7.1365639 11.802644  2.745286e-10
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            22.776573  9.2511013 14.866172  6.412423e-12
## familial_allergy=No                31.192161 50.4845815 59.238955  5.739593e-14
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  32.352941 62.9955947 71.267333  1.815310e-14
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               18.101545  7.2246696 14.608191  2.398573e-20
## education=tertiary                 14.948454  5.1101322 12.512093  1.124701e-23
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        3.636364  0.5286344  5.320864  2.768577e-25
## smoking_status=former smokers      25.000000 25.2863436 37.020316  1.956415e-25
## XCOPD=Yes                           8.759124  2.1145374  8.835859  3.479488e-28
## spt_any=No                         22.033898 18.3259912 30.441793  4.016019e-30
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       8.421053  2.1145374  9.190584  3.741989e-30
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       15.217391  6.7841410 16.317317  9.778720e-31
## urbanization_level=No              25.578035 31.1894273 44.630764  8.497165e-31
## dyspenea=Yes                       13.978495  5.7268722 14.995163  1.779893e-31
## severe_asthma=Yes                  11.704835  4.0528634 12.673331  3.813426e-32
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      14.209591  7.0484581 18.155434  3.865763e-38
## Cough=Yes                          17.958180 12.8634361 26.217349  1.422789e-40
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               1.351351  0.2643172  7.158981  4.556662e-41
## Breathlessness=Yes                 23.882682 30.1321586 46.178652  4.826107e-43
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       26.499739 44.7577093 61.818768  1.466189e-49
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       18.870968 20.6167401 39.987101  7.536365e-66
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      16.056572 17.0044053 38.761690  7.106772e-85
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     13.628620 14.0969163 37.858755 1.755219e-103
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        1.797386  0.9691630 19.735569 5.173074e-118
##                                        v.test
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         23.095207
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       21.601065
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        19.522230
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         17.139447
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         14.799937
## Breathlessness=No                   13.753893
## Cough=No                            13.336338
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        12.911718
## smoking_status=never smoker         12.481522
## severe_asthma=No                    11.801956
## dyspenea=No                         11.671626
## urbanization_level=Yes              11.537903
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         11.525811
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        11.409658
## spt_any=Yes                         11.403508
## XCOPD=No                            11.008447
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  10.697475
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         10.389480
## gina_control=controlled              9.770324
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                  9.242921
## education=primary                    8.158343
## Ever_rhinitis=No                     7.663077
## familial_allergy=Yes                 7.513890
## Emergency_last_year=No               6.870173
## household_damage=Yes                 5.652175
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No              5.136493
## nasal_plyposis=No                    5.018560
## Hosptalization_last_year=No          4.256408
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              -3.649316
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        -4.256408
## smoking_status=current smoker       -4.349260
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  -5.018560
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            -5.136493
## household_damage=No                 -5.652175
## gina_control=partially controlled   -5.794767
## gina_control=uncontrolled           -6.312520
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             -6.870173
## familial_allergy=No                 -7.513890
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   -7.663077
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                -9.242921
## education=tertiary                 -10.030041
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       -10.389480
## smoking_status=former smokers      -10.422547
## XCOPD=Yes                          -11.008447
## spt_any=No                         -11.403508
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      -11.409658
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       -11.525811
## urbanization_level=No              -11.537903
## dyspenea=Yes                       -11.671626
## severe_asthma=Yes                  -11.801956
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      -12.911718
## Cough=Yes                          -13.336338
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              -13.420977
## Breathlessness=Yes                 -13.753893
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       -14.799937
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       -17.139447
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      -19.522230
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     -21.601065
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       -23.095207
## 
## $`3`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global       p.value
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     37.223169 93.376068 37.858755 1.166459e-167
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      36.439268 93.589744 38.761690 8.034173e-164
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       49.836601 65.170940 19.735569 9.265579e-128
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      43.516874 52.350427 18.155434  5.889553e-78
## Breathlessness=Yes                 25.628492 78.418803 46.178652  8.375903e-54
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      46.315789 28.205128  9.190584  9.618531e-41
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             34.229829 29.914530 13.189294  7.657696e-26
## familial_allergy=Yes               23.259494 62.820513 40.761045  1.676097e-25
## urbanization_level=No              21.170520 62.606838 44.630764  2.500992e-17
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       40.606061 14.316239  5.320864  2.452799e-16
## Gender=Yes                         18.222977 68.803419 56.981619  1.394317e-08
## Cough=Yes                          21.279213 36.965812 26.217349  2.578073e-08
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               22.075055 21.367521 14.608191  1.705779e-05
## gina_control=partially controlled  17.900791 53.205128 44.856498  8.637823e-05
## education=primary                  17.505030 55.769231 48.081264  3.083267e-04
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       16.744914 68.589744 61.818768  9.655856e-04
## dyspenea=Yes                       20.000000 19.871795 14.995163  1.880633e-03
## severe_asthma=No                   15.768095 91.239316 87.326669  4.306894e-03
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       18.577075 20.085470 16.317317  1.907010e-02
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  15.972851 75.427350 71.267333  2.948684e-02
## nasal_plyposis=No                  16.272360 60.256410 55.885198  3.848474e-02
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 13.596491 39.743590 44.114802  3.848474e-02
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   12.906846 24.572650 28.732667  2.948684e-02
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        14.412331 79.914530 83.682683  1.907010e-02
## severe_asthma=Yes                  10.432570  8.760684 12.673331  4.306894e-03
## dyspenea=No                        14.226100 80.128205 85.004837  1.880633e-03
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        12.415541 31.410256 38.181232  9.655856e-04
## gina_control=controlled            12.127976 34.829060 43.340858  4.903796e-05
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                13.897281 78.632479 85.391809  1.705779e-05
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 13.307823 66.880342 75.846501  1.790834e-06
## education=tertiary                  7.474227  6.196581 12.512093  1.566980e-06
## Cough=No                           12.893357 63.034188 73.782651  2.578073e-08
## Gender=No                          10.944528 31.196581 43.018381  1.394317e-08
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        13.658038 85.683761 94.679136  2.452799e-16
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               0.000000  0.000000  7.158981  3.823053e-17
## urbanization_level=Yes             10.192196 37.393162 55.369236  2.500992e-17
## familial_allergy=No                 9.471965 37.179487 59.238955  1.676097e-25
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       11.931818 71.794872 90.809416  9.618531e-41
## Breathlessness=No                   6.051528 21.581197 53.821348  8.375903e-54
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        8.786446 47.649573 81.844566  5.889553e-78
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         6.548815 34.829060 80.264431 9.265579e-128
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        1.579779  6.410256 61.238310 8.034173e-164
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       1.608718  6.623932 62.141245 1.166459e-167
##                                        v.test
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      27.598293
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       27.276623
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        24.045670
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       18.690735
## Breathlessness=Yes                  15.443259
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       13.365501
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              10.511365
## familial_allergy=Yes                10.437242
## urbanization_level=No                8.467787
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes         8.197577
## Gender=Yes                           5.674085
## Cough=Yes                            5.567914
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                 4.300286
## gina_control=partially controlled    3.925978
## education=primary                    3.608202
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes         3.300367
## dyspenea=Yes                         3.108463
## severe_asthma=No                     2.854763
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes         2.344158
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                    2.176916
## nasal_plyposis=No                    2.069654
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  -2.069654
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    -2.176916
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         -2.344158
## severe_asthma=Yes                   -2.854763
## dyspenea=No                         -3.108463
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         -3.300367
## gina_control=controlled             -4.060165
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 -4.300286
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  -4.775700
## education=tertiary                  -4.802499
## Cough=No                            -5.567914
## Gender=No                           -5.674085
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         -8.197577
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               -8.418202
## urbanization_level=Yes              -8.467787
## familial_allergy=No                -10.437242
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       -13.365501
## Breathlessness=No                  -15.443259
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       -18.690735
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        -24.045670
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -27.276623
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -27.598293
## 
## $`4`
##                                      Cla/Mod  Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## spt_any=No                         11.652542 85.27132 30.441793 8.347855e-40
## dyspenea=Yes                       15.053763 54.26357 14.995163 1.787125e-26
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      9.028961 82.17054 37.858755 7.158636e-26
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       8.818636 82.17054 38.761690 7.049769e-25
## Breathlessness=Yes                  7.821229 86.82171 46.178652 9.970351e-23
## Cough=Yes                          10.332103 65.11628 26.217349 3.324522e-21
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       12.450593 48.83721 16.317317 1.487824e-18
## urbanization_level=No               7.008671 75.19380 44.630764 7.256183e-13
## education=tertiary                 12.113402 36.43411 12.512093 9.747791e-13
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               11.037528 38.75969 14.608191 5.359591e-12
## XCOPD=Yes                          13.138686 27.90698  8.835859 1.111250e-10
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        8.660131 41.08527 19.735569 1.362927e-08
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       13.939394 17.82946  5.320864 1.733953e-07
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        6.451613 62.01550 39.987101 2.863589e-07
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   5.113122 87.59690 71.267333 7.578981e-06
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        5.320814 79.06977 61.818768 2.006074e-05
## familial_allergy=No                 5.334785 75.96899 59.238955 5.070768e-05
## gina_control=uncontrolled           8.196721 23.25581 11.802644 1.943594e-04
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             7.375271 26.35659 14.866172 5.325753e-04
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        9.815951 12.40310  5.256369 1.275059e-03
## gina_control=partially controlled   5.319914 57.36434 44.856498 3.758364e-03
## Gender=Yes                          4.923599 67.44186 56.981619 1.357349e-02
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  4.591837 83.72093 75.846501 2.832831e-02
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       5.861456 25.58140 18.155434 3.175134e-02
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        3.782506 74.41860 81.844566 3.175134e-02
## Gender=No                           3.148426 32.55814 43.018381 1.357349e-02
## smoking_status=never smoker         3.329370 43.41085 54.240568 1.216448e-02
## gina_steps=step3                    0.000000  0.00000  3.805224 6.018283e-03
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         3.846154 87.59690 94.743631 1.275059e-03
## Emergency_last_year=No              3.598485 73.64341 85.133828 5.325753e-04
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               0.000000  0.00000  7.158981 5.580135e-05
## familial_allergy=Yes                2.452532 24.03101 40.761045 5.070768e-05
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         2.280405 20.93023 38.181232 2.006074e-05
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    1.795735 12.40310 28.732667 7.578981e-06
## education=primary                   2.414487 27.90698 48.081264 2.028889e-06
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         2.632993 37.98450 60.012899 2.863589e-07
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         3.610354 82.17054 94.679136 1.733953e-07
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         3.053435 58.91473 80.264431 1.362927e-08
## gina_control=controlled             1.860119 19.37984 43.340858 5.515251e-09
## XCOPD=No                            3.289706 72.09302 91.164141 1.111250e-10
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 2.983384 61.24031 85.391809 5.359591e-12
## urbanization_level=Yes              1.863716 24.80620 55.369236 7.256183e-13
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         2.543353 51.16279 83.682683 1.487824e-18
## Cough=No                            1.966783 34.88372 73.782651 3.324522e-21
## Breathlessness=No                   1.018574 13.17829 53.821348 9.970351e-23
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        1.211164 17.82946 61.238310 7.049769e-25
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       1.193565 17.82946 62.141245 7.158636e-26
## dyspenea=No                         2.238240 45.73643 85.004837 1.787125e-26
## spt_any=Yes                         0.880853 14.72868 69.558207 8.347855e-40
##                                        v.test
## spt_any=No                          13.203746
## dyspenea=Yes                        10.647707
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      10.517718
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       10.299950
## Breathlessness=Yes                   9.812267
## Cough=Yes                            9.451989
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes         8.790586
## urbanization_level=No                7.174519
## education=tertiary                   7.134022
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                 6.895711
## XCOPD=Yes                            6.450986
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes         5.677982
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes         5.225809
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes         5.132211
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                    4.476745
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes         4.264214
## familial_allergy=No                  4.052341
## gina_control=uncontrolled            3.726237
## Emergency_last_year=Yes              3.463814
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes         3.221535
## gina_control=partially controlled    2.897761
## Gender=Yes                           2.468357
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users   2.192710
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes        2.147527
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        -2.147527
## Gender=No                           -2.468357
## smoking_status=never smoker         -2.507337
## gina_steps=step3                    -2.746784
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         -3.221535
## Emergency_last_year=No              -3.463814
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               -4.029897
## familial_allergy=Yes                -4.052341
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         -4.264214
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    -4.476745
## education=primary                   -4.750525
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         -5.132211
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         -5.225809
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         -5.677982
## gina_control=controlled             -5.830830
## XCOPD=No                            -6.450986
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 -6.895711
## urbanization_level=Yes              -7.174519
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         -8.790586
## Cough=No                            -9.451989
## Breathlessness=No                   -9.812267
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -10.299950
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -10.517718
## dyspenea=No                        -10.647707
## spt_any=Yes                        -13.203746
## 
## $`5`
##                                       Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     17.3764906 91.891892 37.858755 5.328380e-69
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      16.8053245 90.990991 38.761690 3.124815e-64
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       22.2222222 61.261261 19.735569 9.362554e-46
## Breathlessness=Yes                 13.3379888 86.036036 46.178652 1.497959e-37
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      17.9396092 45.495495 18.155434 1.273253e-22
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       27.8787879 20.720721  5.320864 3.534170e-17
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      20.7017544 26.576577  9.190584 2.872053e-15
## Cough=Yes                          12.7921279 46.846847 26.217349 6.988167e-12
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             16.1369193 29.729730 13.189294 1.560515e-11
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       13.8339921 31.531532 16.317317 5.129605e-09
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               13.4657837 27.477477 14.608191 2.282571e-07
## dyspenea=Yes                       13.1182796 27.477477 14.995163 6.133857e-07
## urbanization_level=No               9.4653179 59.009009 44.630764 8.640735e-06
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           17.0940171  9.009009  3.772976 2.293268e-04
## gina_control=uncontrolled          12.0218579 19.819820 11.802644 3.474768e-04
## familial_allergy=Yes                8.7816456 50.000000 40.761045 3.977296e-03
## gina_control=partially controlled   8.6268871 54.054054 44.856498 4.444624e-03
## XCOPD=Yes                          10.9489051 13.513514  8.835859 1.609744e-02
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         8.0601827 67.567568 60.012899 1.630697e-02
## Gender=Yes                          8.0362196 63.963964 56.981619 2.861409e-02
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   7.7375566 77.027027 71.267333 4.630421e-02
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    5.7239057 22.972973 28.732667 4.630421e-02
## Gender=No                           5.9970015 36.036036 43.018381 2.861409e-02
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        5.8064516 32.432432 39.987101 1.630697e-02
## XCOPD=No                            6.7916519 86.486486 91.164141 1.609744e-02
## familial_allergy=No                 6.0424605 50.000000 59.238955 3.977296e-03
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             6.7694370 90.990991 96.227024 2.293268e-04
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  6.1224490 64.864865 75.846501 1.363831e-04
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               1.3513514  1.351351  7.158981 5.122130e-05
## urbanization_level=Yes              5.2999418 40.990991 55.369236 8.640735e-06
## dyspenea=No                         6.1077390 72.522523 85.004837 6.133857e-07
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 6.0800604 72.522523 85.391809 2.282571e-07
## gina_control=controlled             4.3154762 26.126126 43.340858 3.995992e-08
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         5.8574181 68.468468 83.682683 5.129605e-09
## Cough=No                            5.1573427 53.153153 73.782651 6.988167e-12
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        5.7883523 73.423423 90.809416 2.872053e-15
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         5.9945504 79.279279 94.679136 3.534170e-17
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        4.7675335 54.504505 81.844566 1.273253e-22
## Breathlessness=No                   1.8573996 13.963964 53.821348 1.497959e-37
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         3.4552029 38.738739 80.264431 9.362554e-46
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        1.0531859  9.009009 61.238310 3.124815e-64
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       0.9340944  8.108108 62.141245 5.328380e-69
##                                        v.test
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      17.556247
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       16.921479
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        14.198477
## Breathlessness=Yes                  12.807010
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes        9.787565
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes         8.427404
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes        7.896343
## Cough=Yes                            6.857897
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2               6.742158
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes         5.842912
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                 5.174717
## dyspenea=Yes                         4.986954
## urbanization_level=No                4.448661
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes             3.684306
## gina_control=uncontrolled            3.577063
## familial_allergy=Yes                 2.879957
## gina_control=partially controlled    2.844750
## XCOPD=Yes                            2.406699
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No          2.401972
## Gender=Yes                           2.188763
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                    1.992610
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    -1.992610
## Gender=No                           -2.188763
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        -2.401972
## XCOPD=No                            -2.406699
## familial_allergy=No                 -2.879957
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             -3.684306
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  -3.814637
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               -4.049983
## urbanization_level=Yes              -4.448661
## dyspenea=No                         -4.986954
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 -5.174717
## gina_control=controlled             -5.491029
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         -5.842912
## Cough=No                            -6.857897
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        -7.896343
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         -8.427404
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        -9.787565
## Breathlessness=No                  -12.807010
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        -14.198477
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -16.921479
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -17.556247
## 
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the quantitative variables
## ================================================================
##                            Eta2       P-value
## Age                 0.389432004  0.000000e+00
## onset_age_asthma    0.330310208 3.020574e-266
## pack_years          0.262299519 2.163303e-201
## Basophiles          0.259281582 1.178785e-198
## kco                 0.148440809 2.682519e-105
## tlco                0.138765170  9.506449e-98
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 0.121339027  2.258908e-84
## BMI                 0.077053187  1.280722e-51
## Monocytes           0.062256399  4.561338e-41
## Reversibility       0.053532733  6.096708e-35
## pd20                0.053224407  1.000643e-34
## Neutrophiles        0.051812556  9.648026e-34
## Eosinophiles        0.050732517  5.444755e-33
## FeNO                0.025500709  8.444097e-16
## Lymphocytes         0.006901247  6.676611e-04
## 
## Description of each cluster by quantitative variables
## =====================================================
## $`0`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## onset_age_asthma     11.170409       24.0902256   12.7716866     20.7081251
## pack_years            7.803028       17.4099041   11.2855015     18.6002037
## Reversibility         6.216431        8.3892739    5.9481072      8.9414856
## Age                   6.026233       56.0000000   50.4795227     14.7844157
## Neutrophiles          5.563155        4.1974060    3.7574492      1.6554879
## pd20                  4.078458     2939.5910286 2320.9569182   2377.3120544
## Eosinophiles          2.656120        0.2236090    0.2004192      0.2057988
## BMI                   2.523409       27.3056742   26.6155247      5.0967585
## Monocytes             2.411941        0.4411278    0.4195937      0.1650320
## kco                  -6.209149       91.9120163   97.3779717     18.4415310
## tlco                 -6.667295       91.9192096   99.8125910     18.6342264
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -12.396491        0.7194919    0.7832420      0.1181598
##                       Overall sd      p.value
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01 5.691798e-29
## pack_years          1.338584e+01 6.043929e-15
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00 5.085884e-10
## Age                 1.562341e+01 1.678248e-09
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00 2.649410e-08
## pd20                2.586920e+03 4.533547e-05
## Eosinophiles        1.488999e-01 7.904546e-03
## BMI                 4.664452e+00 1.162230e-02
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01 1.586785e-02
## kco                 1.501340e+01 5.327217e-10
## tlco                2.019103e+01 2.605603e-11
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02 2.730198e-35
## 
## $`1`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## Age                  25.771744     6.195914e+01 5.047952e+01   1.018727e+01
## pack_years           17.835044     1.809206e+01 1.128550e+01   1.495067e+01
## Monocytes            10.834500     4.666288e-01 4.195937e-01   1.741374e-01
## pd20                 10.089739     3.065124e+03 2.320957e+03   2.877189e+03
## BMI                   5.461360     2.734181e+01 2.661552e+01   4.462200e+00
## Lymphocytes           3.185330     2.021385e+00 1.962441e+00   7.552902e-01
## Neutrophiles          2.567958     3.856198e+00 3.757449e+00   1.356065e+00
## Basophiles           -3.624605     2.321226e-02 2.780071e-02   4.023497e-02
## Reversibility        -4.724290     5.046026e+00 5.948107e+00   6.016063e+00
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  -4.740657     7.713878e-01 7.832420e-01   7.846644e-02
## onset_age_asthma    -12.290588     6.716232e+00 1.277169e+01   1.414483e+01
## tlco                -14.143472     9.167076e+01 9.981259e+01   1.347234e+01
## kco                 -16.374859     9.036884e+01 9.737797e+01   1.309994e+01
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## Age                 1.562341e+01 1.839438e-146
## pack_years          1.338584e+01  3.777527e-71
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01  2.362518e-27
## pd20                2.586920e+03  6.133229e-24
## BMI                 4.664452e+00  4.725005e-08
## Lymphocytes         6.490450e-01  1.445890e-03
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00  1.022996e-02
## Basophiles          4.440150e-02  2.894031e-04
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00  2.309210e-06
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02  2.130258e-06
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01  1.017625e-34
## tlco                2.019103e+01  2.049186e-45
## kco                 1.501340e+01  2.891790e-60
## 
## $`2`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  16.781971     8.180343e-01 7.832420e-01   6.487305e-02
## tlco                 14.282675     1.066294e+02 9.981259e+01   2.240961e+01
## kco                  10.636994     1.011529e+02 9.737797e+01   1.264573e+01
## Lymphocytes          -2.004244     1.931692e+00 1.962441e+00   5.417065e-01
## Basophiles           -2.966444     2.468722e-02 2.780071e-02   4.122640e-02
## Eosinophiles         -6.151834     1.787665e-01 2.004192e-01   1.249968e-01
## FeNO                 -6.835871     1.996890e+01 2.306080e+01   1.439700e+01
## Reversibility        -7.101378     4.823872e+00 5.948107e+00   5.519655e+00
## pd20                 -8.334886     1.811279e+03 2.320957e+03   2.375372e+03
## Neutrophiles        -10.353254     3.427366e+00 3.757449e+00   1.148345e+00
## Monocytes           -10.361471     3.822996e-01 4.195937e-01   1.282890e-01
## BMI                 -14.010075     2.507079e+01 2.661552e+01   4.001784e+00
## onset_age_asthma    -15.263903     6.536564e+00 1.277169e+01   1.160473e+01
## pack_years          -21.476887     4.489867e+00 1.128550e+01   4.863175e+00
## Age                 -28.951053     3.978767e+01 5.047952e+01   1.227539e+01
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02  3.306737e-63
## tlco                2.019103e+01  2.806191e-46
## kco                 1.501340e+01  2.004941e-26
## Lymphocytes         6.490450e-01  4.504398e-02
## Basophiles          4.440150e-02  3.012655e-03
## Eosinophiles        1.488999e-01  7.659215e-10
## FeNO                1.913459e+01  8.150821e-12
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00  1.235189e-12
## pd20                2.586920e+03  7.757298e-17
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00  4.044978e-25
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01  3.712093e-25
## BMI                 4.664452e+00  1.352617e-44
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01  1.330459e-52
## pack_years          1.338584e+01 2.561039e-102
## Age                 1.562341e+01 2.721882e-184
## 
## $`3`
##                      v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## kco                9.190353     1.032560e+02 9.737797e+01   1.378810e+01
## onset_age_asthma   8.271574     1.886111e+01 1.277169e+01   1.370648e+01
## tlco               5.927571     1.049113e+02 9.981259e+01   1.953051e+01
## BMI                3.739910     2.735869e+01 2.661552e+01   4.834003e+00
## FeNO               2.463332     2.506880e+01 2.306080e+01   2.087457e+01
## Reversibility      2.383093     6.628037e+00 5.948107e+00   6.474964e+00
## Eosinophiles      -2.110775     1.870299e-01 2.004192e-01   1.278117e-01
## Lymphocytes       -3.097505     1.876795e+00 1.962441e+00   5.573012e-01
## Age               -4.001473     4.781624e+01 5.047952e+01   1.346253e+01
## pd20              -4.093175     1.869865e+03 2.320957e+03   2.580339e+03
## Monocytes         -5.062860     3.867521e-01 4.195937e-01   1.241042e-01
## pack_years        -6.494806     7.581821e+00 1.128550e+01   7.460364e+00
## Basophiles       -11.940978     5.213675e-03 2.780071e-02   1.964855e-02
##                    Overall sd      p.value
## kco                15.0134018 3.915532e-20
## onset_age_asthma   17.2809024 1.322015e-16
## tlco               20.1910322 3.074477e-09
## BMI                 4.6644519 1.840861e-04
## FeNO               19.1345916 1.376524e-02
## Reversibility       6.6973257 1.716784e-02
## Eosinophiles        0.1488999 3.479168e-02
## Lymphocytes         0.6490450 1.951572e-03
## Age                15.6234094 6.294932e-05
## pd20             2586.9202764 4.255069e-05
## Monocytes           0.1522671 4.130132e-07
## pack_years         13.3858429 8.314046e-11
## Basophiles          0.0444015 7.236726e-33
## 
## $`4`
##                        v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## onset_age_asthma    23.626223       47.9689922    12.771687     13.7502293
## pack_years          14.404743       27.9081395    11.285501     19.3402639
## Age                 12.547883       67.3798450    50.479523      8.0224431
## BMI                  8.648868       30.0933565    26.615525      4.7295656
## Neutrophiles         7.102911        4.5833333     3.757449      1.5064118
## Reversibility        6.059312        9.4465390     5.948107      9.0230632
## pd20                 3.079026     3007.6221709  2320.956918   2046.6611437
## FeNO                 2.160579       26.6248062    23.060803     26.6865266
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -5.100267        0.7446792     0.783242      0.1208695
## kco                 -6.185932       89.3716512    97.377972     17.3658582
## tlco                -8.753348       84.5762234    99.812591     16.4671810
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01 2.072642e-123
## pack_years          1.338584e+01  4.831094e-47
## Age                 1.562341e+01  4.082784e-36
## BMI                 4.664452e+00  5.201286e-18
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00  1.221561e-12
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00  1.367053e-09
## pd20                2.586920e+03  2.076787e-03
## FeNO                1.913459e+01  3.072786e-02
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02  3.391746e-07
## kco                 1.501340e+01  6.173651e-10
## tlco                2.019103e+01  2.071139e-18
## 
## $`5`
##                        v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## Basophiles          26.787306        0.1047297 2.780071e-02   2.782942e-02
## Eosinophiles        11.495205        0.3111261 2.004192e-01   2.087675e-01
## onset_age_asthma     8.103288       21.8288288 1.277169e+01   1.706763e+01
## kco                  7.544127      104.7037138 9.737797e+01   1.410819e+01
## Reversibility        6.778803        8.8845254 5.948107e+00   7.881670e+00
## FeNO                 6.412593       30.9970721 2.306080e+01   2.590986e+01
## tlco                 3.845337      104.8343558 9.981259e+01   1.545559e+01
## Neutrophiles         3.485729        4.0615315 3.757449e+00   1.414938e+00
## Monocytes            3.316101        0.4522523 4.195937e-01   1.457981e-01
## BMI                  1.991687       27.2164011 2.661552e+01   5.120462e+00
## pd20                -3.207780     1784.2327179 2.320957e+03   1.887515e+03
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -4.005935        0.7605175 7.832420e-01   9.643715e-02
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## Basophiles          4.440150e-02 4.542341e-158
## Eosinophiles        1.488999e-01  1.394491e-30
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01  5.349341e-16
## kco                 1.501340e+01  4.553255e-14
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00  1.211759e-11
## FeNO                1.913459e+01  1.430649e-10
## tlco                2.019103e+01  1.203871e-04
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00  4.907978e-04
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01  9.128289e-04
## BMI                 4.664452e+00  4.640541e-02
## pd20                2.586920e+03  1.337636e-03
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02  6.177273e-05

1.1.3 Radar Plots

radar_plot(labeled_original_data = results_cluster_data, clusters = results_cluster_data$clusters)

1.1.4 parallel box plots

1.1.5 parallel coordinate plot

1.2 Imporved Deep Empedding Clustering on the encoded data 4 clusters

1.2.1 Summary table

# results_Kam <- get_ClusterResults(OriginalData = my_imp_data, Labels = kamRes$finalMemb)
table_result <- tableby(clusters ~ ., data = as.list(results_cluster_data))
summary(table_result, title = "Charachtaristcs of Clusters")  
Charachtaristcs of Clusters
0 (N=536) 1 (N=893) 2 (N=797) 3 (N=875) Total (N=3101) p value
Age < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 64.578 (8.661) 38.663 (11.228) 41.359 (11.636) 62.210 (9.485) 50.480 (15.626)
   Range 38.000 - 86.000 17.000 - 72.000 17.000 - 75.000 31.000 - 97.000 17.000 - 97.000
Gender < 0.001
   No 212 (39.6%) 362 (40.5%) 264 (33.1%) 496 (56.7%) 1334 (43.0%)
   Yes 324 (60.4%) 531 (59.5%) 533 (66.9%) 379 (43.3%) 1767 (57.0%)
BMI < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 28.303 (4.868) 25.017 (4.223) 26.520 (4.803) 27.300 (4.319) 26.616 (4.665)
   Range 17.668 - 50.058 16.975 - 46.094 16.534 - 42.595 17.296 - 48.870 16.534 - 50.058
age at asthma onset as numeeric variable < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 37.616 (18.053) 3.314 (7.644) 14.714 (10.717) 5.437 (12.984) 12.772 (17.284)
   Range -1.000 - 72.000 -1.000 - 45.000 -1.000 - 50.000 -1.000 - 65.000 -1.000 - 72.000
Cough < 0.001
   No 272 (50.7%) 785 (87.9%) 550 (69.0%) 681 (77.8%) 2288 (73.8%)
   Yes 264 (49.3%) 108 (12.1%) 247 (31.0%) 194 (22.2%) 813 (26.2%)
Breathlessness < 0.001
   No 121 (22.6%) 705 (78.9%) 166 (20.8%) 677 (77.4%) 1669 (53.8%)
   Yes 415 (77.4%) 188 (21.1%) 631 (79.2%) 198 (22.6%) 1432 (46.2%)
Recurrent_wheeze < 0.001
   No 360 (67.2%) 852 (95.4%) 626 (78.5%) 810 (92.6%) 2648 (85.4%)
   Yes 176 (32.8%) 41 (4.6%) 171 (21.5%) 65 (7.4%) 453 (14.6%)
dyspenea < 0.001
   No 330 (61.6%) 856 (95.9%) 661 (82.9%) 789 (90.2%) 2636 (85.0%)
   Yes 206 (38.4%) 37 (4.1%) 136 (17.1%) 86 (9.8%) 465 (15.0%)
Chronic_productive_cough < 0.001
   No 340 (63.4%) 843 (94.4%) 656 (82.3%) 756 (86.4%) 2595 (83.7%)
   Yes 196 (36.6%) 50 (5.6%) 141 (17.7%) 119 (13.6%) 506 (16.3%)
FEV1_FVC_ratio_post < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.720 (0.111) 0.826 (0.060) 0.789 (0.079) 0.773 (0.077) 0.783 (0.088)
   Range 0.267 - 1.590 0.568 - 1.180 0.259 - 1.009 0.230 - 1.028 0.230 - 1.590
Reversibility < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 9.177 (9.366) 4.020 (4.010) 7.421 (7.070) 4.596 (5.433) 5.948 (6.698)
   Range -20.000 - 67.273 -12.603 - 56.067 -26.774 - 77.242 -6.696 - 42.557 -26.774 - 77.242
pd20 < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 2972.379 (2101.582) 1812.067 (2460.775) 1509.344 (2244.558) 3180.536 (2899.447) 2320.957 (2587.337)
   Range -1417.620 - 13923.750 -23548.530 - 25908.750 -6521.250 - 38775.000 -26261.250 - 38775.000 -26261.250 - 38775.000
tlco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 90.227 (21.199) 107.578 (24.223) 106.901 (13.285) 91.303 (13.248) 99.813 (20.194)
   Range 44.477 - 389.709 67.134 - 680.093 67.252 - 161.534 44.453 - 136.107 44.453 - 680.093
kco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 91.428 (16.373) 101.630 (12.766) 104.921 (12.976) 89.813 (12.906) 97.378 (15.016)
   Range 40.972 - 139.418 28.161 - 139.983 60.955 - 149.720 47.025 - 141.410 28.161 - 149.720
FeNO < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 28.600 (27.103) 18.476 (12.338) 24.856 (19.853) 22.711 (17.079) 23.061 (19.138)
   Range 3.600 - 226.000 0.000 - 138.000 3.300 - 144.000 3.500 - 176.000 0.000 - 226.000
Eosinophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.236 (0.190) 0.172 (0.122) 0.215 (0.156) 0.194 (0.131) 0.200 (0.149)
   Range 0.010 - 2.300 0.000 - 0.900 0.000 - 1.200 0.000 - 1.000 0.000 - 2.300
Neutrophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 4.195 (1.500) 3.444 (1.182) 3.744 (1.327) 3.821 (1.351) 3.757 (1.349)
   Range 1.400 - 12.500 0.700 - 9.200 1.000 - 10.600 1.300 - 11.000 0.700 - 12.500
Lymphocyties 0.121
   Mean (SD) 1.943 (0.779) 1.936 (0.530) 1.957 (0.561) 2.005 (0.739) 1.962 (0.649)
   Range 0.400 - 11.200 0.300 - 4.000 0.600 - 5.000 0.300 - 9.400 0.300 - 11.200
Monocytes < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.446 (0.153) 0.382 (0.148) 0.400 (0.130) 0.460 (0.162) 0.420 (0.152)
   Range 0.200 - 1.100 0.190 - 2.400 0.100 - 1.100 0.200 - 1.500 0.100 - 2.400
Basophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.035 (0.051) 0.023 (0.041) 0.031 (0.045) 0.026 (0.042) 0.028 (0.044)
   Range 0.000 - 0.300 0.000 - 0.250 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.300
spt_any < 0.001
   No 363 (67.7%) 163 (18.3%) 164 (20.6%) 254 (29.0%) 944 (30.4%)
   Yes 173 (32.3%) 730 (81.7%) 633 (79.4%) 621 (71.0%) 2157 (69.6%)
familial_allergy < 0.001
   No 387 (72.2%) 454 (50.8%) 274 (34.4%) 722 (82.5%) 1837 (59.2%)
   Yes 149 (27.8%) 439 (49.2%) 523 (65.6%) 153 (17.5%) 1264 (40.8%)
Drug_induced_dyspnea < 0.001
   No 494 (92.2%) 881 (98.7%) 748 (93.9%) 861 (98.4%) 2984 (96.2%)
   Yes 42 (7.8%) 12 (1.3%) 49 (6.1%) 14 (1.6%) 117 (3.8%)
nasal_plyposis < 0.001
   No 270 (50.4%) 552 (61.8%) 493 (61.9%) 418 (47.8%) 1733 (55.9%)
   Yes 266 (49.6%) 341 (38.2%) 304 (38.1%) 457 (52.2%) 1368 (44.1%)
Ever_rhinitis < 0.001
   No 102 (19.0%) 308 (34.5%) 266 (33.4%) 215 (24.6%) 891 (28.7%)
   Yes 434 (81.0%) 585 (65.5%) 531 (66.6%) 660 (75.4%) 2210 (71.3%)
gina_steps < 0.001
   onlys saba or non users 300 (56.0%) 808 (90.5%) 482 (60.5%) 762 (87.1%) 2352 (75.8%)
   step 1 or 2 117 (21.8%) 50 (5.6%) 186 (23.3%) 56 (6.4%) 409 (13.2%)
   step3 25 (4.7%) 20 (2.2%) 57 (7.2%) 16 (1.8%) 118 (3.8%)
   step4 or 5 94 (17.5%) 15 (1.7%) 72 (9.0%) 41 (4.7%) 222 (7.2%)
Hosptalization_last_year < 0.001
   No 487 (90.9%) 860 (96.3%) 777 (97.5%) 814 (93.0%) 2938 (94.7%)
   Yes 49 (9.1%) 33 (3.7%) 20 (2.5%) 61 (7.0%) 163 (5.3%)
Emergency_last_year < 0.001
   No 402 (75.0%) 810 (90.7%) 690 (86.6%) 738 (84.3%) 2640 (85.1%)
   Yes 134 (25.0%) 83 (9.3%) 107 (13.4%) 137 (15.7%) 461 (14.9%)
severe_asthma < 0.001
   No 380 (70.9%) 854 (95.6%) 670 (84.1%) 804 (91.9%) 2708 (87.3%)
   Yes 156 (29.1%) 39 (4.4%) 127 (15.9%) 71 (8.1%) 393 (12.7%)
gina_control < 0.001
   controlled 134 (25.0%) 514 (57.6%) 288 (36.1%) 408 (46.6%) 1344 (43.3%)
   partially controlled 294 (54.9%) 325 (36.4%) 400 (50.2%) 372 (42.5%) 1391 (44.9%)
   uncontrolled 108 (20.1%) 54 (6.0%) 109 (13.7%) 95 (10.9%) 366 (11.8%)
education < 0.001
   primary 202 (37.7%) 508 (56.9%) 454 (57.0%) 327 (37.4%) 1491 (48.1%)
   secondary 212 (39.6%) 344 (38.5%) 299 (37.5%) 367 (41.9%) 1222 (39.4%)
   tertiary 122 (22.8%) 41 (4.6%) 44 (5.5%) 181 (20.7%) 388 (12.5%)
urbanization_level < 0.001
   No 348 (64.9%) 254 (28.4%) 437 (54.8%) 345 (39.4%) 1384 (44.6%)
   Yes 188 (35.1%) 639 (71.6%) 360 (45.2%) 530 (60.6%) 1717 (55.4%)
smoking_status < 0.001
   never smoker 222 (41.4%) 611 (68.4%) 516 (64.7%) 333 (38.1%) 1682 (54.2%)
   former smokers 268 (50.0%) 224 (25.1%) 223 (28.0%) 433 (49.5%) 1148 (37.0%)
   current smoker 46 (8.6%) 58 (6.5%) 58 (7.3%) 109 (12.5%) 271 (8.7%)
pack_years < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 20.266 (16.596) 4.359 (4.754) 6.092 (6.461) 17.584 (15.597) 11.286 (13.388)
   Range 0.000 - 88.000 0.000 - 48.000 0.000 - 44.000 0.000 - 112.500 0.000 - 112.500
smoking_exposure_at_home < 0.001
   No 129 (24.1%) 467 (52.3%) 352 (44.2%) 236 (27.0%) 1184 (38.2%)
   Yes 407 (75.9%) 426 (47.7%) 445 (55.8%) 639 (73.0%) 1917 (61.8%)
smoking_exposure_at_work < 0.001
   No 238 (44.4%) 713 (79.8%) 569 (71.4%) 341 (39.0%) 1861 (60.0%)
   Yes 298 (55.6%) 180 (20.2%) 228 (28.6%) 534 (61.0%) 1240 (40.0%)
household_damage < 0.001
   No 492 (91.8%) 751 (84.1%) 676 (84.8%) 813 (92.9%) 2732 (88.1%)
   Yes 44 (8.2%) 142 (15.9%) 121 (15.2%) 62 (7.1%) 369 (11.9%)
exertion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 100 (18.7%) 868 (97.2%) 72 (9.0%) 859 (98.2%) 1899 (61.2%)
   Yes 436 (81.3%) 25 (2.8%) 725 (91.0%) 16 (1.8%) 1202 (38.8%)
infection_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 86 (16.0%) 876 (98.1%) 104 (13.0%) 861 (98.4%) 1927 (62.1%)
   Yes 450 (84.0%) 17 (1.9%) 693 (87.0%) 14 (1.6%) 1174 (37.9%)
allergen_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 372 (69.4%) 874 (97.9%) 435 (54.6%) 857 (97.9%) 2538 (81.8%)
   Yes 164 (30.6%) 19 (2.1%) 362 (45.4%) 18 (2.1%) 563 (18.2%)
irritant_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 432 (80.6%) 890 (99.7%) 623 (78.2%) 871 (99.5%) 2816 (90.8%)
   Yes 104 (19.4%) 3 (0.3%) 174 (21.8%) 4 (0.5%) 285 (9.2%)
weather_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 297 (55.4%) 891 (99.8%) 428 (53.7%) 873 (99.8%) 2489 (80.3%)
   Yes 239 (44.6%) 2 (0.2%) 369 (46.3%) 2 (0.2%) 612 (19.7%)
emotion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 465 (86.8%) 893 (100.0%) 703 (88.2%) 875 (100.0%) 2936 (94.7%)
   Yes 71 (13.2%) 0 (0.0%) 94 (11.8%) 0 (0.0%) 165 (5.3%)
XCOPD < 0.001
   No 386 (72.0%) 878 (98.3%) 746 (93.6%) 817 (93.4%) 2827 (91.2%)
   Yes 150 (28.0%) 15 (1.7%) 51 (6.4%) 58 (6.6%) 274 (8.8%)

1.2.2 Charachtiristic Analysis

catdes(results_cluster_data, dim(results_cluster_data)[2])
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the categorical variables (chi-square test)
## =================================================================================
##                                  p.value df
## exertion_triggered_asthma   0.000000e+00  3
## infection_triggered_asthma  0.000000e+00  3
## weather_triggered_asthma   4.747645e-214  3
## Breathlessness             1.666004e-212  3
## allergen_triggered_asthma  9.449907e-165  3
## familial_allergy           3.523396e-100  3
## spt_any                     1.233988e-97  3
## smoking_exposure_at_work    1.651939e-87  3
## gina_steps                  1.386755e-85  9
## irritant_triggered_asthma   8.541059e-83  3
## dyspenea                    3.394633e-72  3
## XCOPD                       2.587899e-67  3
## Recurrent_wheeze            1.489965e-60  3
## Cough                       3.426309e-55  3
## Chronic_productive_cough    3.648525e-52  3
## emotion_triggered_asthma    4.013829e-50  3
## smoking_status              2.267086e-49  6
## urbanization_level          5.685123e-49  3
## education                   6.407050e-47  6
## severe_asthma               2.251469e-45  3
## smoking_exposure_at_home    1.258339e-38  3
## gina_control                1.088980e-37  6
## Gender                      2.918871e-22  3
## Emergency_last_year         1.751468e-14  3
## Drug_induced_dyspnea        1.598144e-13  3
## Ever_rhinitis               7.252088e-12  3
## nasal_plyposis              1.001038e-11  3
## household_damage            1.989926e-10  3
## Hosptalization_last_year    3.023782e-08  3
## 
## Description of each cluster by the categories
## =============================================
## $`0`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global       p.value
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     38.330494 83.955224 37.858755 6.833060e-130
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      36.272879 81.343284 38.761690 6.615743e-110
## spt_any=No                         38.453390 67.723881 30.441793  3.278680e-87
## Breathlessness=Yes                 28.980447 77.425373 46.178652  4.992018e-59
## dyspenea=Yes                       44.301075 38.432836 14.995163  1.691968e-51
## XCOPD=Yes                          54.744526 27.985075  8.835859  1.667981e-50
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       39.052288 44.589552 19.735569  6.241464e-49
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       38.735178 36.567164 16.317317  1.537132e-37
## Cough=Yes                          32.472325 49.253731 26.217349  6.399844e-37
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               38.852097 32.835821 14.608191  3.099841e-33
## severe_asthma=Yes                  39.694656 29.104478 12.673331  3.191270e-30
## urbanization_level=No              25.144509 64.925373 44.630764  3.011280e-25
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              42.342342 17.537313  7.158981  6.115507e-20
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      36.491228 19.402985  9.190584  2.306721e-16
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       24.032258 55.597015 39.987101  1.020282e-15
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       43.030303 13.246269  5.320864  1.524920e-15
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      29.129663 30.597015 18.155434  7.086093e-15
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       21.231090 75.932836 61.818768  3.399295e-14
## education=tertiary                 31.443299 22.761194 12.512093  1.920224e-13
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            29.067245 25.000000 14.866172  7.743616e-12
## familial_allergy=No                21.066957 72.201493 59.238955  8.307149e-12
## smoking_status=former smokers      23.344948 50.000000 37.020316  1.527156e-11
## gina_control=uncontrolled          29.508197 20.149254 11.802644  6.285682e-10
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             28.606357 21.828358 13.189294  8.589777e-10
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  19.638009 80.970149 71.267333  1.840581e-08
## gina_control=partially controlled  21.135873 54.850746 44.856498  3.457144e-07
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           35.897436  7.835821  3.772976  8.628855e-07
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       30.061350  9.141791  5.256369  3.697104e-05
## household_damage=No                18.008785 91.791045 88.100613  2.702842e-03
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 19.444444 49.626866 44.114802  4.857163e-03
## nasal_plyposis=No                  15.579919 50.373134 55.885198  4.857163e-03
## household_damage=Yes               11.924119  8.208955 11.899387  2.702842e-03
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        16.575902 90.858209 94.743631  3.697104e-05
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            16.554960 92.164179 96.227024  8.628855e-07
## education=primary                  13.547954 37.686567 48.081264  1.056781e-07
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   11.447811 19.029851 28.732667  1.840581e-08
## smoking_status=never smoker        13.198573 41.417910 54.240568  6.270701e-11
## familial_allergy=Yes               11.787975 27.798507 40.761045  8.307149e-12
## Emergency_last_year=No             15.227273 75.000000 85.133828  7.743616e-12
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        10.895270 24.067164 38.181232  3.399295e-14
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       14.657210 69.402985 81.844566  7.086093e-15
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        15.837875 86.753731 94.679136  1.524920e-15
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        12.788823 44.402985 60.012899  1.020282e-15
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       15.340909 80.597015 90.809416  2.306721e-16
## gina_control=controlled             9.970238 25.000000 43.340858  5.279539e-22
## urbanization_level=Yes             10.949330 35.074627 55.369236  3.011280e-25
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 12.755102 55.970149 75.846501  2.979318e-29
## severe_asthma=No                   14.032496 70.895522 87.326669  3.191270e-30
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                13.595166 67.164179 85.391809  3.099841e-33
## Cough=No                           11.888112 50.746269 73.782651  6.399844e-37
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        13.102119 63.432836 83.682683  1.537132e-37
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        11.932503 55.410448 80.264431  6.241464e-49
## XCOPD=No                           13.654050 72.014925 91.164141  1.667981e-50
## dyspenea=No                        12.518968 61.567164 85.004837  1.691968e-51
## Breathlessness=No                   7.249850 22.574627 53.821348  4.992018e-59
## spt_any=Yes                         8.020399 32.276119 69.558207  3.278680e-87
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        5.265929 18.656716 61.238310 6.615743e-110
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       4.462896 16.044776 62.141245 6.833060e-130
##                                        v.test
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      24.248647
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       22.273917
## spt_any=No                          19.795136
## Breathlessness=Yes                  16.200621
## dyspenea=Yes                        15.097107
## XCOPD=Yes                           14.945435
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        14.702183
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        12.805006
## Cough=Yes                           12.693806
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                12.011287
## severe_asthma=Yes                   11.423498
## urbanization_level=No               10.381462
## gina_steps=step4 or 5                9.142270
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes        8.204958
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes         8.024394
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes         7.974910
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes        7.782935
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes         7.582129
## education=tertiary                   7.354236
## Emergency_last_year=Yes              6.843213
## familial_allergy=No                  6.833147
## smoking_status=former smokers        6.745296
## gina_control=uncontrolled            6.183095
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2               6.133627
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                    5.626354
## gina_control=partially controlled    5.096651
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes             4.920579
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes         4.125637
## household_damage=No                  2.999657
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                   2.816357
## nasal_plyposis=No                   -2.816357
## household_damage=Yes                -2.999657
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         -4.125637
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             -4.920579
## education=primary                   -5.316679
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    -5.626354
## smoking_status=never smoker         -6.537138
## familial_allergy=Yes                -6.833147
## Emergency_last_year=No              -6.843213
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         -7.582129
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        -7.782935
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         -7.974910
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         -8.024394
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        -8.204958
## gina_control=controlled             -9.642672
## urbanization_level=Yes             -10.381462
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users -11.227761
## severe_asthma=No                   -11.423498
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                -12.011287
## Cough=No                           -12.693806
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        -12.805006
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        -14.702183
## XCOPD=No                           -14.945435
## dyspenea=No                        -15.097107
## Breathlessness=No                  -16.200621
## spt_any=Yes                        -19.795136
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -22.273917
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -24.248647
## 
## $`1`
##                                       Cla/Mod     Mod/Cla    Global
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      45.4592631  98.0963046 62.141245
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       45.7082675  97.2004479 61.238310
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        35.7975090  99.7760358 80.264431
## Breathlessness=No                  42.2408628  78.9473684 53.821348
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       34.4365642  97.8723404 81.844566
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        38.3127351  79.8432251 60.012899
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       31.6051136  99.6640538 90.809416
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 34.3537415  90.4815230 75.846501
## Cough=No                           34.3094406  87.9059351 73.782651
## dyspenea=No                        32.4734446  95.8566629 85.004837
## urbanization_level=Yes             37.2160745  71.5565510 55.369236
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        32.4855491  94.4008959 83.682683
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                32.1752266  95.4087346 85.391809
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        30.4155313 100.0000000 94.679136
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        39.4425676  52.2956327 38.181232
## smoking_status=never smoker        36.3258026  68.4210526 54.240568
## XCOPD=No                           31.0576583  98.3202688 91.164141
## gina_control=controlled            38.2440476  57.5587906 43.340858
## spt_any=Yes                        33.8433009  81.7469205 69.558207
## severe_asthma=No                   31.5361891  95.6326988 87.326669
## education=primary                  34.0710932  56.8868981 48.081264
## familial_allergy=Yes               34.7310127  49.1601344 40.761045
## Emergency_last_year=No             30.6818182  90.7054871 85.133828
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            29.5241287  98.6562150 96.227024
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   34.5679012  34.4904815 28.732667
## household_damage=Yes               38.4823848  15.9014558 11.899387
## nasal_plyposis=No                  31.8522793  61.8141097 55.885198
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        29.2716133  96.3045913 94.743631
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       20.2453988   3.6954087  5.256369
## smoking_status=current smoker      21.4022140   6.4949608  8.739116
## gina_steps=step3                   16.9491525   2.2396417  3.805224
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 24.9269006  38.1858903 44.114802
## household_damage=No                27.4890190  84.0985442 88.100613
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  26.4705882  65.5095185 71.267333
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           10.2564103   1.3437850  3.772976
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            18.0043384   9.2945129 14.866172
## familial_allergy=No                24.7142079  50.8398656 59.238955
## gina_control=partially controlled  23.3644860  36.3941769 44.856498
## gina_control=uncontrolled          14.7540984   6.0470325 11.802644
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               6.7567568   1.6797312  7.158981
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             12.2249389   5.5991041 13.189294
## smoking_status=former smokers      19.5121951  25.0839866 37.020316
## education=tertiary                 10.5670103   4.5912654 12.512093
## severe_asthma=Yes                   9.9236641   4.3673012 12.673331
## spt_any=No                         17.2669492  18.2530795 30.441793
## XCOPD=Yes                           5.4744526   1.6797312  8.835859
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       22.2222222  47.7043673 61.818768
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        0.0000000   0.0000000  5.320864
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                9.0507726   4.5912654 14.608191
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        9.8814229   5.5991041 16.317317
## urbanization_level=No              18.3526012  28.4434490 44.630764
## dyspenea=Yes                        7.9569892   4.1433371 14.995163
## Cough=Yes                          13.2841328  12.0940649 26.217349
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       1.0526316   0.3359462  9.190584
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       14.5161290  20.1567749 39.987101
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       3.3747780   2.1276596 18.155434
## Breathlessness=Yes                 13.1284916  21.0526316 46.178652
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        0.3267974   0.2239642 19.735569
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       2.0798669   2.7995521 38.761690
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      1.4480409   1.9036954 37.858755
##                                          p.value     v.test
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      6.344399e-195  29.783742
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       8.168408e-189  29.308138
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         7.283907e-99  21.104159
## Breathlessness=No                   5.672286e-75  18.320563
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        2.260167e-64  16.940546
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         2.209073e-49  14.772340
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        1.215553e-39  13.175416
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  4.541549e-38  12.899308
## Cough=No                            5.594681e-33  11.962363
## dyspenea=No                         1.884695e-32  11.861106
## urbanization_level=Yes              1.406715e-31  11.691624
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         8.236859e-29  11.137534
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 5.011610e-28  10.975521
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         7.268631e-26  10.516281
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         2.032851e-24  10.197575
## smoking_status=never smoker         2.520053e-24  10.176683
## XCOPD=No                            3.814896e-24  10.136243
## gina_control=controlled             4.096158e-24  10.129289
## spt_any=Yes                         4.303578e-22   9.663626
## severe_asthma=No                    6.876033e-22   9.615521
## education=primary                   4.364631e-10   6.240396
## familial_allergy=Yes                1.717204e-09   6.022522
## Emergency_last_year=No              8.974205e-09   5.749058
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             9.556883e-07   4.900550
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    8.253445e-06   4.458502
## household_damage=Yes                1.940689e-05   4.271608
## nasal_plyposis=No                   2.230645e-05   4.240458
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         1.120634e-02   2.536198
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        1.120634e-02  -2.536198
## smoking_status=current smoker       4.060022e-03  -2.873460
## gina_steps=step3                    2.604740e-03  -3.010901
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  2.230645e-05  -4.240458
## household_damage=No                 1.940689e-05  -4.271608
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   8.253445e-06  -4.458502
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            9.556883e-07  -4.900550
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             8.974205e-09  -5.749058
## familial_allergy=No                 1.717204e-09  -6.022522
## gina_control=partially controlled   1.422191e-09  -6.052948
## gina_control=uncontrolled           2.642003e-11  -6.665258
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               3.206459e-17  -8.438788
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              1.875231e-17  -8.501273
## smoking_status=former smokers       5.127870e-19  -8.909467
## education=tertiary                  4.370844e-20  -9.178513
## severe_asthma=Yes                   6.876033e-22  -9.615521
## spt_any=No                          4.303578e-22  -9.663626
## XCOPD=Yes                           3.814896e-24 -10.136243
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        2.032851e-24 -10.197575
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        7.268631e-26 -10.516281
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                5.011610e-28 -10.975521
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        8.236859e-29 -11.137534
## urbanization_level=No               1.406715e-31 -11.691624
## dyspenea=Yes                        1.884695e-32 -11.861106
## Cough=Yes                           5.594681e-33 -11.962363
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       1.215553e-39 -13.175416
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        2.209073e-49 -14.772340
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       2.260167e-64 -16.940546
## Breathlessness=Yes                  5.672286e-75 -18.320563
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        7.283907e-99 -21.104159
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      8.168408e-189 -29.308138
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     6.344399e-195 -29.783742
## 
## $`2`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global       p.value
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      60.316140 90.966123 38.761690 9.456290e-286
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     59.028961 86.951066 37.858755 1.273039e-248
## Breathlessness=Yes                 44.064246 79.171895 46.178652 4.756910e-108
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      64.298401 45.420326 18.155434 3.123570e-105
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       60.294118 46.298620 19.735569  8.188748e-95
## familial_allergy=Yes               41.376582 65.621079 40.761045  4.145711e-61
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      61.052632 21.831870  9.190584  2.552080e-40
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             45.476773 23.337516 13.189294  9.929965e-21
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       56.969697 11.794228  5.320864  2.115946e-18
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        30.574960 71.392723 60.012899  1.235898e-14
## spt_any=Yes                        29.346314 79.422836 69.558207  6.460045e-13
## smoking_status=never smoker        30.677765 64.742785 54.240568  3.767187e-12
## urbanization_level=No              31.575145 54.830615 44.630764  2.072201e-11
## Gender=Yes                         30.164120 66.875784 56.981619  4.178341e-11
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               37.748344 21.455458 14.608191  8.497693e-10
## education=primary                  30.449363 56.963614 48.081264  5.855883e-09
## gina_steps=step3                   48.305085  7.151819  3.805224  8.004991e-08
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        26.446562 97.490590 94.743631  1.750598e-05
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        29.729730 44.165621 38.181232  6.061639e-05
## nasal_plyposis=No                  28.447778 61.856964 55.885198  7.785660e-05
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           41.880342  6.148055  3.772976  1.053233e-04
## Cough=Yes                          30.381304 30.991217 26.217349  4.410747e-04
## gina_control=partially controlled  28.756290 50.188206 44.856498  4.604064e-04
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   29.854097 33.375157 28.732667  8.742109e-04
## household_damage=Yes               32.791328 15.181932 11.899387  1.167196e-03
## severe_asthma=Yes                  32.315522 15.934755 12.673331  1.661313e-03
## XCOPD=No                           26.388398 93.601004 91.164141  3.943248e-03
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              32.432432  9.033877  7.158981  1.979139e-02
## XCOPD=Yes                          18.613139  6.398996  8.835859  3.943248e-03
## severe_asthma=No                   24.741507 84.065245 87.326669  1.661313e-03
## household_damage=No                24.743777 84.818068 88.100613  1.167196e-03
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  24.027149 66.624843 71.267333  8.742109e-04
## Cough=No                           24.038462 69.008783 73.782651  4.410747e-04
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            25.067024 93.851945 96.227024  1.053233e-04
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 22.222222 38.143036 44.114802  7.785660e-05
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       23.213354 55.834379 61.818768  6.061639e-05
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       12.269939  2.509410  5.256369  1.750598e-05
## gina_control=controlled            21.428571 36.135508 43.340858  1.715263e-06
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                23.640483 78.544542 85.391809  8.497693e-10
## smoking_status=former smokers      19.425087 27.979925 37.020316  5.276074e-10
## Gender=No                          19.790105 33.124216 43.018381  4.178341e-11
## urbanization_level=Yes             20.966803 45.169385 55.369236  2.072201e-11
## spt_any=No                         17.372881 20.577164 30.441793  6.460045e-13
## education=tertiary                 11.340206  5.520703 12.512093  1.181291e-13
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       18.387097 28.607277 39.987101  1.235898e-14
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        23.944142 88.205772 94.679136  2.115946e-18
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 20.493197 60.476788 75.846501  5.698794e-30
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       22.123580 78.168130 90.809416  2.552080e-40
## familial_allergy=No                14.915623 34.378921 59.238955  4.145711e-61
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        17.195661 53.701380 80.264431  8.188748e-95
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       17.139480 54.579674 81.844566 3.123570e-105
## Breathlessness=No                   9.946075 20.828105 53.821348 4.756910e-108
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       5.396990 13.048934 62.141245 1.273039e-248
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        3.791469  9.033877 61.238310 9.456290e-286
##                                        v.test
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       36.124206
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      33.676586
## Breathlessness=Yes                  22.081532
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       21.786385
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        20.658489
## familial_allergy=Yes                16.492621
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       13.292698
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2               9.336789
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes         8.750934
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No          7.712280
## spt_any=Yes                          7.190403
## smoking_status=never smoker          6.945651
## urbanization_level=No                6.700843
## Gender=Yes                           6.597612
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                 6.135341
## education=primary                    5.820822
## gina_steps=step3                     5.367016
## Hosptalization_last_year=No          4.294535
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No          4.010398
## nasal_plyposis=No                    3.950904
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes             3.877990
## Cough=Yes                            3.514204
## gina_control=partially controlled    3.502793
## Ever_rhinitis=No                     3.328162
## household_damage=Yes                 3.246778
## severe_asthma=Yes                    3.144922
## XCOPD=No                             2.882666
## gina_steps=step4 or 5                2.330279
## XCOPD=Yes                           -2.882666
## severe_asthma=No                    -3.144922
## household_damage=No                 -3.246778
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   -3.328162
## Cough=No                            -3.514204
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             -3.877990
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  -3.950904
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        -4.010398
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        -4.294535
## gina_control=controlled             -4.784368
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 -6.135341
## smoking_status=former smokers       -6.210665
## Gender=No                           -6.597612
## urbanization_level=Yes              -6.700843
## spt_any=No                          -7.190403
## education=tertiary                  -7.418864
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        -7.712280
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         -8.750934
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users -11.373010
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       -13.292698
## familial_allergy=No                -16.492621
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        -20.658489
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       -21.786385
## Breathlessness=No                  -22.081532
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -33.676586
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -36.124206
## 
## $`3`
##                                       Cla/Mod     Mod/Cla    Global
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       45.2343339  98.1714286 61.238310
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      44.6808511  98.4000000 62.141245
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        35.0743270  99.7714286 80.264431
## familial_allergy=No                39.3032118  82.5142857 59.238955
## Breathlessness=No                  40.5632115  77.3714286 53.821348
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       33.7667455  97.9428571 81.844566
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       43.0645161  61.0285714 39.987101
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       30.9303977  99.5428571 90.809416
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        29.8024523 100.0000000 94.679136
## Gender=No                          37.1814093  56.6857143 43.018381
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 32.3979592  87.0857143 75.846501
## smoking_status=former smokers      37.7177700  49.4857143 37.020316
## education=tertiary                 46.6494845  20.6857143 12.512093
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       33.3333333  73.0285714 61.818768
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                30.5891239  92.5714286 85.391809
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 33.4064327  52.2285714 44.114802
## household_damage=No                29.7584187  92.9142857 88.100613
## dyspenea=No                        29.9317147  90.1714286 85.004837
## severe_asthma=No                   29.6898080  91.8857143 87.326669
## smoking_status=current smoker      40.2214022  12.4571429  8.739116
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            28.8538874  98.4000000 96.227024
## urbanization_level=Yes             30.8677927  60.5714286 55.369236
## Cough=No                           29.7639860  77.8285714 73.782651
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  29.8642534  75.4285714 71.267333
## XCOPD=No                           28.8998939  93.3714286 91.164141
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       37.4233129   6.9714286  5.256369
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        29.1329480  86.4000000 83.682683
## gina_control=controlled            30.3571429  46.6285714 43.340858
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       23.5177866  13.6000000 16.317317
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        27.7059224  93.0285714 94.743631
## XCOPD=Yes                          21.1678832   6.6285714  8.835859
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   24.1301908  24.5714286 28.732667
## Cough=Yes                          23.8622386  22.1714286 26.217349
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              18.4684685   4.6857143  7.158981
## urbanization_level=No              24.9277457  39.4285714 44.630764
## gina_steps=step3                   13.5593220   1.8285714  3.805224
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           11.9658120   1.6000000  3.772976
## severe_asthma=Yes                  18.0661578   8.1142857 12.673331
## dyspenea=Yes                       18.4946237   9.8285714 14.995163
## household_damage=Yes               16.8021680   7.0857143 11.899387
## nasal_plyposis=No                  24.1200231  47.7714286 55.885198
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             13.6919315   6.4000000 13.189294
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               14.3487859   7.4285714 14.608191
## education=primary                  21.9315895  37.3714286 48.081264
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        19.9324324  26.9714286 38.181232
## Gender=Yes                         21.4487832  43.3142857 56.981619
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        0.0000000   0.0000000  5.320864
## smoking_status=never smoker        19.7978597  38.0571429 54.240568
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       1.4035088   0.4571429  9.190584
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        18.3234820  38.9714286 60.012899
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       3.1971581   2.0571429 18.155434
## Breathlessness=Yes                 13.8268156  22.6285714 46.178652
## familial_allergy=Yes               12.1044304  17.4857143 40.761045
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        0.3267974   0.2285714 19.735569
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      1.1925043   1.6000000 37.858755
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       1.3311148   1.8285714 38.761690
##                                          p.value     v.test
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       3.948095e-198  30.030302
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      1.304374e-194  29.759560
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         2.289165e-96  20.830529
## familial_allergy=No                 4.545603e-66  17.168821
## Breathlessness=No                   6.439109e-64  16.878846
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        1.653452e-63  16.823076
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        3.215820e-50  14.901641
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        4.253908e-37  12.725746
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         2.923510e-25  10.384285
## Gender=No                           7.817728e-22   9.602304
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  1.066241e-21   9.570273
## smoking_status=former smokers       4.494728e-19   8.924067
## education=tertiary                  1.270068e-16   8.276351
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        2.944097e-16   8.175595
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 7.042324e-14   7.487079
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  1.280658e-08   5.688626
## household_damage=No                 6.285241e-08   5.410490
## dyspenea=No                         1.802417e-07   5.218640
## severe_asthma=No                    7.229371e-07   4.955098
## smoking_status=current smoker       8.501213e-06   4.452157
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             2.013095e-05   4.263433
## urbanization_level=Yes              2.513083e-04   3.660923
## Cough=No                            1.191153e-03   3.240990
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   1.213335e-03   3.235727
## XCOPD=No                            5.593517e-03   2.770704
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        8.949810e-03   2.613965
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         9.421832e-03   2.596356
## gina_control=controlled             2.079782e-02   2.311635
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        9.421832e-03  -2.596356
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         8.949810e-03  -2.613965
## XCOPD=Yes                           5.593517e-03  -2.770704
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    1.213335e-03  -3.235727
## Cough=Yes                           1.191153e-03  -3.240990
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               5.386270e-04  -3.460773
## urbanization_level=No               2.513083e-04  -3.660923
## gina_steps=step3                    1.330685e-04  -3.820709
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            2.013095e-05  -4.263433
## severe_asthma=Yes                   7.229371e-07  -4.955098
## dyspenea=Yes                        1.802417e-07  -5.218640
## household_damage=Yes                6.285241e-08  -5.410490
## nasal_plyposis=No                   1.280658e-08  -5.688626
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              1.137042e-13  -7.423920
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                7.042324e-14  -7.487079
## education=primary                   5.808946e-14  -7.512318
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         2.944097e-16  -8.175595
## Gender=Yes                          7.817728e-22  -9.602304
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        2.923510e-25 -10.384285
## smoking_status=never smoker         7.826725e-30 -11.345289
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       4.253908e-37 -12.725746
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         3.215820e-50 -14.901641
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       1.653452e-63 -16.823076
## Breathlessness=Yes                  6.439109e-64 -16.878846
## familial_allergy=Yes                4.545603e-66 -17.168821
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        2.289165e-96 -20.830529
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     1.304374e-194 -29.759560
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      3.948095e-198 -30.030302
## 
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the quantitative variables
## ================================================================
##                           Eta2       P-value
## Age                 0.55216104  0.000000e+00
## onset_age_asthma    0.49759855  0.000000e+00
## pack_years          0.25607656 2.591724e-198
## kco                 0.18677584 1.755471e-138
## tlco                0.16335275 2.049670e-119
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 0.16195899 2.686692e-118
## Reversibility       0.08796779  1.573566e-61
## pd20                0.07855601  1.193694e-54
## BMI                 0.06259574  3.773221e-43
## Monocytes           0.04690791  4.745690e-32
## Neutrophiles        0.03435817  2.553291e-23
## FeNO                0.03337607  1.214897e-22
## Eosinophiles        0.02377057  4.595033e-16
## Basophiles          0.01050532  3.703533e-07
## 
## Description of each cluster by quantitative variables
## =====================================================
## $`0`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## onset_age_asthma     36.591010     3.761567e+01 1.277169e+01   1.803639e+01
## Age                  22.968201     6.457836e+01 5.047952e+01   8.653218e+00
## pack_years           17.075367     2.026591e+01 1.128550e+01   1.658032e+01
## Reversibility        12.270002     9.176798e+00 5.948107e+00   9.357024e+00
## BMI                   9.205562     2.830259e+01 2.661552e+01   4.863457e+00
## Neutrophiles          8.248393     4.194552e+00 3.757449e+00   1.498760e+00
## FeNO                  7.368207     2.860019e+01 2.306080e+01   2.707771e+01
## pd20                  6.409128     2.972379e+03 2.320957e+03   2.099620e+03
## Eosinophiles          6.102328     2.361194e-01 2.004192e-01   1.901900e-01
## Monocytes             4.330937     4.455037e-01 4.195937e-01   1.532220e-01
## Basophiles            4.308588     3.531716e-02 2.780071e-02   5.047066e-02
## kco                 -10.087606     9.142755e+01 9.737797e+01   1.635805e+01
## tlco                -12.083407     9.022679e+01 9.981259e+01   2.117967e+01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -18.269573     7.202862e-01 7.832420e-01   1.113194e-01
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01 3.975223e-293
## Age                 1.562341e+01 9.694240e-117
## pack_years          1.338584e+01  2.263989e-65
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00  1.312508e-34
## BMI                 4.664452e+00  3.398865e-20
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00  1.605391e-16
## FeNO                1.913459e+01  1.729385e-13
## pd20                2.586920e+03  1.463545e-10
## Eosinophiles        1.488999e-01  1.045348e-09
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01  1.484762e-05
## Basophiles          4.440150e-02  1.643003e-05
## kco                 1.501340e+01  6.267977e-24
## tlco                2.019103e+01  1.292513e-33
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02  1.445772e-74
## 
## $`1`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  17.205624     8.258597e-01 7.832420e-01   5.976555e-02
## tlco                 13.618794     1.075785e+02 9.981259e+01   2.420914e+01
## kco                  10.029046     1.016303e+02 9.737797e+01   1.275923e+01
## Basophiles           -4.131109     2.262038e-02 2.780071e-02   4.120617e-02
## Eosinophiles         -6.847576     1.716237e-01 2.004192e-01   1.218959e-01
## pd20                 -6.965430     1.812067e+03 2.320957e+03   2.459397e+03
## Neutrophiles         -8.227164     3.444065e+00 3.757449e+00   1.181437e+00
## FeNO                 -8.484191     1.847598e+01 2.306080e+01   1.233157e+01
## Monocytes            -8.720229     3.820941e-01 4.195937e-01   1.476868e-01
## Reversibility       -10.193174     4.020122e+00 5.948107e+00   4.008057e+00
## BMI                 -12.131328     2.501743e+01 2.661552e+01   4.220337e+00
## pack_years          -18.323021     4.358652e+00 1.128550e+01   4.751393e+00
## onset_age_asthma    -19.379663     3.313550e+00 1.277169e+01   7.639571e+00
## Age                 -26.780788     3.866293e+01 5.047952e+01   1.122126e+01
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02  2.409688e-66
## tlco                2.019103e+01  3.096388e-42
## kco                 1.501340e+01  1.136088e-23
## Basophiles          4.440150e-02  3.610166e-05
## Eosinophiles        1.488999e-01  7.511172e-12
## pd20                2.586920e+03  3.274015e-12
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00  1.916973e-16
## FeNO                1.913459e+01  2.172250e-17
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01  2.776407e-18
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00  2.127048e-24
## BMI                 4.664452e+00  7.207130e-34
## pack_years          1.338584e+01  5.421781e-75
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01  1.145958e-83
## Age                 1.562341e+01 5.410153e-158
## 
## $`2`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## kco                  16.452328     1.049209e+02 9.737797e+01   1.296835e+01
## tlco                 11.495593     1.069005e+02 9.981259e+01   1.327667e+01
## Reversibility         7.202772     7.421208e+00 5.948107e+00   7.065328e+00
## onset_age_asthma      3.680488     1.471393e+01 1.277169e+01   1.070986e+01
## Eosinophiles          3.288078     2.153701e-01 2.004192e-01   1.558593e-01
## FeNO                  3.072647     2.485621e+01 2.306080e+01   1.984097e+01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post   2.149732     7.889996e-01 7.832420e-01   7.849388e-02
## Basophiles            2.130961     3.069009e-02 2.780071e-02   4.540519e-02
## Monocytes            -4.289402     3.996487e-01 4.195937e-01   1.298165e-01
## pd20                -10.273880     1.509344e+03 2.320957e+03   2.243150e+03
## pack_years          -12.705242     6.092004e+00 1.128550e+01   6.457349e+00
## Age                 -19.117013     4.135885e+01 5.047952e+01   1.162825e+01
##                       Overall sd      p.value
## kco                 1.501340e+01 8.070557e-61
## tlco                2.019103e+01 1.388242e-30
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00 5.900038e-13
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01 2.327881e-04
## Eosinophiles        1.488999e-01 1.008738e-03
## FeNO                1.913459e+01 2.121692e-03
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02 3.157642e-02
## Basophiles          4.440150e-02 3.309234e-02
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01 1.791547e-05
## pd20                2.586920e+03 9.241146e-25
## pack_years          1.338584e+01 5.529824e-37
## Age                 1.562341e+01 1.822505e-81
## 
## $`3`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## Age                  26.210345       62.2102857   50.4795227   9.479922e+00
## pack_years           16.425929       17.5842371   11.2855015   1.558791e+01
## pd20                 11.599123     3180.5361641 2320.9569182   2.897790e+03
## Monocytes             9.299978        0.4601600    0.4195937   1.622428e-01
## BMI                   5.121739       27.2999023   26.6155247   4.316431e+00
## Lymphocytes           2.315694        2.0054971    1.9624411   7.390728e-01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  -4.049316        0.7730681    0.7832420   7.744487e-02
## Reversibility        -7.046583        4.5961664    5.9481072   5.429787e+00
## tlco                -14.712309       91.3028357   99.8125910   1.324062e+01
## onset_age_asthma    -14.817086        5.4365714   12.7716866   1.297678e+01
## kco                 -17.590119       89.8126813   97.3779717   1.289866e+01
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## Age                 1.562341e+01 2.025583e-151
## pack_years          1.338584e+01  1.247575e-60
## pd20                2.586920e+03  4.163206e-31
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01  1.404743e-20
## BMI                 4.664452e+00  3.027301e-07
## Lymphocytes         6.490450e-01  2.057501e-02
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02  5.136753e-05
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00  1.833653e-12
## tlco                2.019103e+01  5.374177e-49
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01  1.136065e-49
## kco                 1.501340e+01  2.932593e-69

1.2.3 Radar Plots

radar_plot(labeled_original_data = results_cluster_data, clusters = results_cluster_data$clusters)

1.2.4 parallel box plots

1.2.5 parallel coordinate plot

1.3 Imporved Deep Empedding Clustering on the encoded data 3 clusters

1.3.1 Summary table

# results_Kam <- get_ClusterResults(OriginalData = my_imp_data, Labels = kamRes$finalMemb)
table_result <- tableby(clusters ~ ., data = as.list(results_cluster_data))
summary(table_result, title = "Charachtaristcs of Clusters")  
Charachtaristcs of Clusters
0 (N=575) 1 (N=909) 2 (N=1617) Total (N=3101) p value
Age < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 63.600 (9.122) 42.760 (13.293) 50.153 (15.642) 50.480 (15.626)
   Range 37.000 - 86.000 17.000 - 80.000 17.000 - 97.000 17.000 - 97.000
Gender < 0.001
   No 216 (37.6%) 336 (37.0%) 782 (48.4%) 1334 (43.0%)
   Yes 359 (62.4%) 573 (63.0%) 835 (51.6%) 1767 (57.0%)
BMI < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 28.378 (4.842) 26.663 (4.958) 25.962 (4.251) 26.616 (4.665)
   Range 17.668 - 48.919 16.534 - 50.058 16.975 - 48.870 16.534 - 50.058
age at asthma onset as numeeric variable < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 41.449 (14.126) 13.185 (9.577) 2.342 (7.006) 12.772 (17.284)
   Range 1.000 - 72.000 -1.000 - 48.000 -1.000 - 42.000 -1.000 - 72.000
Cough < 0.001
   No 297 (51.7%) 624 (68.6%) 1367 (84.5%) 2288 (73.8%)
   Yes 278 (48.3%) 285 (31.4%) 250 (15.5%) 813 (26.2%)
Breathlessness < 0.001
   No 165 (28.7%) 182 (20.0%) 1322 (81.8%) 1669 (53.8%)
   Yes 410 (71.3%) 727 (80.0%) 295 (18.2%) 1432 (46.2%)
Recurrent_wheeze < 0.001
   No 394 (68.5%) 711 (78.2%) 1543 (95.4%) 2648 (85.4%)
   Yes 181 (31.5%) 198 (21.8%) 74 (4.6%) 453 (14.6%)
dyspenea < 0.001
   No 350 (60.9%) 755 (83.1%) 1531 (94.7%) 2636 (85.0%)
   Yes 225 (39.1%) 154 (16.9%) 86 (5.3%) 465 (15.0%)
Chronic_productive_cough < 0.001
   No 375 (65.2%) 740 (81.4%) 1480 (91.5%) 2595 (83.7%)
   Yes 200 (34.8%) 169 (18.6%) 137 (8.5%) 506 (16.3%)
FEV1_FVC_ratio_post < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.727 (0.113) 0.784 (0.083) 0.803 (0.069) 0.783 (0.088)
   Range 0.230 - 1.590 0.259 - 1.028 0.387 - 1.180 0.230 - 1.590
Reversibility < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 8.693 (9.752) 7.502 (6.858) 4.098 (4.289) 5.948 (6.698)
   Range -20.000 - 77.242 -26.774 - 53.704 -12.603 - 38.626 -26.774 - 77.242
pd20 < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 2829.375 (2015.865) 1613.852 (2309.409) 2537.666 (2825.148) 2320.957 (2587.337)
   Range -3701.250 - 13923.750 -6521.250 - 38775.000 -26261.250 - 38775.000 -26261.250 - 38775.000
tlco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 91.063 (21.409) 105.138 (14.024) 99.930 (21.582) 99.813 (20.194)
   Range 44.477 - 389.709 55.302 - 161.534 44.453 - 680.093 44.453 - 680.093
kco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 92.382 (16.880) 103.229 (13.651) 95.865 (14.007) 97.378 (15.016)
   Range 40.972 - 140.532 55.075 - 149.720 28.161 - 141.410 28.161 - 149.720
FeNO < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 25.606 (24.192) 27.323 (23.253) 19.760 (12.941) 23.061 (19.138)
   Range 3.600 - 226.000 3.300 - 203.000 0.000 - 146.650 0.000 - 226.000
Eosinophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.229 (0.184) 0.225 (0.163) 0.176 (0.120) 0.200 (0.149)
   Range 0.000 - 2.300 0.000 - 1.200 0.000 - 0.900 0.000 - 2.300
Neutrophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 4.111 (1.403) 3.824 (1.412) 3.594 (1.264) 3.757 (1.349)
   Range 1.300 - 11.500 1.000 - 12.500 0.700 - 11.000 0.700 - 12.500
Lymphocyties 0.553
   Mean (SD) 1.980 (0.866) 1.972 (0.590) 1.951 (0.588) 1.962 (0.649)
   Range 0.300 - 11.200 0.400 - 5.000 0.300 - 4.800 0.300 - 11.200
Monocytes < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.441 (0.155) 0.417 (0.157) 0.413 (0.148) 0.420 (0.152)
   Range 0.200 - 1.100 0.100 - 2.400 0.190 - 1.500 0.100 - 2.400
Basophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.038 (0.051) 0.030 (0.045) 0.023 (0.041) 0.028 (0.044)
   Range 0.000 - 0.300 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.250 0.000 - 0.300
spt_any < 0.001
   No 375 (65.2%) 192 (21.1%) 377 (23.3%) 944 (30.4%)
   Yes 200 (34.8%) 717 (78.9%) 1240 (76.7%) 2157 (69.6%)
familial_allergy < 0.001
   No 409 (71.1%) 338 (37.2%) 1090 (67.4%) 1837 (59.2%)
   Yes 166 (28.9%) 571 (62.8%) 527 (32.6%) 1264 (40.8%)
Drug_induced_dyspnea < 0.001
   No 535 (93.0%) 853 (93.8%) 1596 (98.7%) 2984 (96.2%)
   Yes 40 (7.0%) 56 (6.2%) 21 (1.3%) 117 (3.8%)
nasal_plyposis < 0.001
   No 292 (50.8%) 555 (61.1%) 886 (54.8%) 1733 (55.9%)
   Yes 283 (49.2%) 354 (38.9%) 731 (45.2%) 1368 (44.1%)
Ever_rhinitis < 0.001
   No 119 (20.7%) 312 (34.3%) 460 (28.4%) 891 (28.7%)
   Yes 456 (79.3%) 597 (65.7%) 1157 (71.6%) 2210 (71.3%)
gina_steps < 0.001
   onlys saba or non users 350 (60.9%) 562 (61.8%) 1440 (89.1%) 2352 (75.8%)
   step 1 or 2 113 (19.7%) 199 (21.9%) 97 (6.0%) 409 (13.2%)
   step3 23 (4.0%) 64 (7.0%) 31 (1.9%) 118 (3.8%)
   step4 or 5 89 (15.5%) 84 (9.2%) 49 (3.0%) 222 (7.2%)
Hosptalization_last_year < 0.001
   No 522 (90.8%) 883 (97.1%) 1533 (94.8%) 2938 (94.7%)
   Yes 53 (9.2%) 26 (2.9%) 84 (5.2%) 163 (5.3%)
Emergency_last_year < 0.001
   No 435 (75.7%) 780 (85.8%) 1425 (88.1%) 2640 (85.1%)
   Yes 140 (24.3%) 129 (14.2%) 192 (11.9%) 461 (14.9%)
severe_asthma < 0.001
   No 438 (76.2%) 754 (82.9%) 1516 (93.8%) 2708 (87.3%)
   Yes 137 (23.8%) 155 (17.1%) 101 (6.2%) 393 (12.7%)
gina_control < 0.001
   controlled 159 (27.7%) 332 (36.5%) 853 (52.8%) 1344 (43.3%)
   partially controlled 301 (52.3%) 453 (49.8%) 637 (39.4%) 1391 (44.9%)
   uncontrolled 115 (20.0%) 124 (13.6%) 127 (7.9%) 366 (11.8%)
education < 0.001
   primary 214 (37.2%) 508 (55.9%) 769 (47.6%) 1491 (48.1%)
   secondary 226 (39.3%) 344 (37.8%) 652 (40.3%) 1222 (39.4%)
   tertiary 135 (23.5%) 57 (6.3%) 196 (12.1%) 388 (12.5%)
urbanization_level < 0.001
   No 355 (61.7%) 491 (54.0%) 538 (33.3%) 1384 (44.6%)
   Yes 220 (38.3%) 418 (46.0%) 1079 (66.7%) 1717 (55.4%)
smoking_status < 0.001
   never smoker 230 (40.0%) 575 (63.3%) 877 (54.2%) 1682 (54.2%)
   former smokers 289 (50.3%) 264 (29.0%) 595 (36.8%) 1148 (37.0%)
   current smoker 56 (9.7%) 70 (7.7%) 145 (9.0%) 271 (8.7%)
pack_years < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 20.687 (18.295) 7.272 (8.384) 10.199 (11.990) 11.286 (13.388)
   Range 0.000 - 112.500 0.000 - 75.000 0.000 - 104.000 0.000 - 112.500
smoking_exposure_at_home < 0.001
   No 167 (29.0%) 378 (41.6%) 639 (39.5%) 1184 (38.2%)
   Yes 408 (71.0%) 531 (58.4%) 978 (60.5%) 1917 (61.8%)
smoking_exposure_at_work < 0.001
   No 276 (48.0%) 619 (68.1%) 966 (59.7%) 1861 (60.0%)
   Yes 299 (52.0%) 290 (31.9%) 651 (40.3%) 1240 (40.0%)
household_damage 0.114
   No 516 (89.7%) 785 (86.4%) 1431 (88.5%) 2732 (88.1%)
   Yes 59 (10.3%) 124 (13.6%) 186 (11.5%) 369 (11.9%)
exertion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 184 (32.0%) 105 (11.6%) 1610 (99.6%) 1899 (61.2%)
   Yes 391 (68.0%) 804 (88.4%) 7 (0.4%) 1202 (38.8%)
infection_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 172 (29.9%) 149 (16.4%) 1606 (99.3%) 1927 (62.1%)
   Yes 403 (70.1%) 760 (83.6%) 11 (0.7%) 1174 (37.9%)
allergen_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 442 (76.9%) 500 (55.0%) 1596 (98.7%) 2538 (81.8%)
   Yes 133 (23.1%) 409 (45.0%) 21 (1.3%) 563 (18.2%)
irritant_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 491 (85.4%) 713 (78.4%) 1612 (99.7%) 2816 (90.8%)
   Yes 84 (14.6%) 196 (21.6%) 5 (0.3%) 285 (9.2%)
weather_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 372 (64.7%) 502 (55.2%) 1615 (99.9%) 2489 (80.3%)
   Yes 203 (35.3%) 407 (44.8%) 2 (0.1%) 612 (19.7%)
emotion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 512 (89.0%) 807 (88.8%) 1617 (100.0%) 2936 (94.7%)
   Yes 63 (11.0%) 102 (11.2%) 0 (0.0%) 165 (5.3%)
XCOPD < 0.001
   No 424 (73.7%) 842 (92.6%) 1561 (96.5%) 2827 (91.2%)
   Yes 151 (26.3%) 67 (7.4%) 56 (3.5%) 274 (8.8%)

1.3.2 Charachtiristic Analysis

catdes(results_cluster_data, dim(results_cluster_data)[2])
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the categorical variables (chi-square test)
## =================================================================================
##                                  p.value df
## exertion_triggered_asthma   0.000000e+00  2
## infection_triggered_asthma  0.000000e+00  2
## Breathlessness             2.046252e-233  2
## weather_triggered_asthma   3.273155e-183  2
## allergen_triggered_asthma  1.222674e-165  2
## spt_any                     1.479626e-88  2
## dyspenea                    3.623232e-84  2
## irritant_triggered_asthma   1.674002e-74  2
## gina_steps                  7.892598e-73  6
## Recurrent_wheeze            1.100960e-65  2
## XCOPD                       6.709709e-61  2
## familial_allergy            1.652278e-57  2
## Cough                       4.935229e-56  2
## Chronic_productive_cough    1.773577e-48  2
## emotion_triggered_asthma    5.687633e-42  2
## urbanization_level          6.951492e-41  2
## gina_control                1.626275e-32  4
## severe_asthma               2.766996e-31  2
## education                   5.998784e-23  4
## smoking_status              1.852947e-16  4
## smoking_exposure_at_work    1.274667e-13  2
## Drug_induced_dyspnea        3.121435e-13  2
## Emergency_last_year         3.762891e-12  2
## Gender                      2.782131e-09  2
## Ever_rhinitis               1.082636e-07  2
## Hosptalization_last_year    6.138791e-07  2
## smoking_exposure_at_home    2.232993e-06  2
## nasal_plyposis              2.347729e-04  2
## 
## Description of each cluster by the categories
## =============================================
## $`0`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## spt_any=No                         39.724576 65.217391 30.441793 4.917475e-83
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     34.327087 70.086957 37.858755 4.819862e-68
## dyspenea=Yes                       48.387097 39.130435 14.995163 1.686584e-59
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      32.529118 68.000000 38.761690 5.453753e-56
## XCOPD=Yes                          55.109489 26.260870  8.835859 7.557523e-47
## Breathlessness=Yes                 28.631285 71.304348 46.178652 1.956830e-41
## Cough=Yes                          34.194342 48.347826 26.217349 2.676085e-37
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       39.525692 34.782609 16.317317 1.153959e-34
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               39.955850 31.478261 14.608191 1.472394e-31
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       33.169935 35.304348 19.735569 8.593302e-23
## urbanization_level=No              25.650289 61.739130 44.630764 7.406858e-20
## severe_asthma=Yes                  34.860051 23.826087 12.673331 1.080620e-16
## education=tertiary                 34.793814 23.478261 12.512093 2.372870e-16
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              40.090090 15.478261  7.158981 6.428936e-15
## smoking_status=former smokers      25.174216 50.260870 37.020316 6.799115e-13
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            30.368764 24.347826 14.866172 1.908051e-11
## familial_allergy=No                22.264562 71.130435 59.238955 6.698546e-11
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       24.112903 52.000000 39.987101 1.087905e-10
## gina_control=uncontrolled          31.420765 20.000000 11.802644 2.086781e-10
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       38.181818 10.956522  5.320864 1.157096e-09
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       21.283255 70.956522 61.818768 4.120650e-07
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             27.628362 19.652174 13.189294 1.204210e-06
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  20.633484 79.304348 71.267333 1.370722e-06
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      29.473684 14.608696  9.190584 2.401142e-06
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       32.515337  9.217391  5.256369 1.116747e-05
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           34.188034  6.956522  3.772976 4.101578e-05
## gina_control=partially controlled  21.639109 52.347826 44.856498 6.648332e-05
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      23.623446 23.130435 18.155434 8.130528e-04
## Gender=Yes                         20.316921 62.434783 56.981619 3.326823e-03
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 20.687135 49.217391 44.114802 6.493058e-03
## nasal_plyposis=No                  16.849394 50.782609 55.885198 6.493058e-03
## Gender=No                          16.191904 37.565217 43.018381 3.326823e-03
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       17.415288 76.869565 81.844566 8.130528e-04
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            17.928954 93.043478 96.227024 4.101578e-05
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        17.767189 90.782609 94.743631 1.116747e-05
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       17.436080 85.391304 90.809416 2.401142e-06
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   13.355780 20.695652 28.732667 1.370722e-06
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        14.104730 29.043478 38.181232 4.120650e-07
## education=primary                  14.352783 37.217391 48.081264 6.564545e-09
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        17.438692 89.043478 94.679136 1.157096e-09
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        14.830736 48.000000 60.012899 1.087905e-10
## familial_allergy=Yes               13.132911 28.869565 40.761045 6.698546e-11
## Emergency_last_year=No             16.477273 75.652174 85.133828 1.908051e-11
## smoking_status=never smoker        13.674197 40.000000 54.240568 3.412653e-14
## severe_asthma=No                   16.174298 76.173913 87.326669 1.080620e-16
## gina_control=controlled            11.830357 27.652174 43.340858 1.114267e-17
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 14.880952 60.869565 75.846501 4.587930e-19
## urbanization_level=Yes             12.813046 38.260870 55.369236 7.406858e-20
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        14.945761 64.695652 80.264431 8.593302e-23
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                14.879154 68.521739 85.391809 1.472394e-31
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        14.450867 65.217391 83.682683 1.153959e-34
## Cough=No                           12.980769 51.652174 73.782651 2.676085e-37
## Breathlessness=No                   9.886159 28.695652 53.821348 1.956830e-41
## XCOPD=No                           14.998231 73.739130 91.164141 7.557523e-47
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        9.689310 32.000000 61.238310 5.453753e-56
## dyspenea=No                        13.277693 60.869565 85.004837 1.686584e-59
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       8.925791 29.913043 62.141245 4.819862e-68
## spt_any=Yes                         9.272137 34.782609 69.558207 4.917475e-83
##                                        v.test
## spt_any=No                          19.304557
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      17.430763
## dyspenea=Yes                        16.267214
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       15.764576
## XCOPD=Yes                           14.373794
## Breathlessness=Yes                  13.483470
## Cough=Yes                           12.761896
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        12.280421
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                11.687748
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes         9.827250
## urbanization_level=No                9.121534
## severe_asthma=Yes                    8.295574
## education=tertiary                   8.201560
## gina_steps=step4 or 5                7.795234
## smoking_status=former smokers        7.183415
## Emergency_last_year=Yes              6.712891
## familial_allergy=No                  6.527256
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes         6.454202
## gina_control=uncontrolled            6.354815
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes         6.086079
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes         5.063298
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2               4.854944
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                    4.829215
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes        4.716349
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes         4.393238
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes             4.101682
## gina_control=partially controlled    3.988532
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes        3.348312
## Gender=Yes                           2.935806
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                   2.721784
## nasal_plyposis=No                   -2.721784
## Gender=No                           -2.935806
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        -3.348312
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             -4.101682
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         -4.393238
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        -4.716349
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    -4.829215
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         -5.063298
## education=primary                   -5.801701
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         -6.086079
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         -6.454202
## familial_allergy=Yes                -6.527256
## Emergency_last_year=No              -6.712891
## smoking_status=never smoker         -7.581621
## severe_asthma=No                    -8.295574
## gina_control=controlled             -8.561481
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  -8.921794
## urbanization_level=Yes              -9.121534
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         -9.827250
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                -11.687748
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        -12.280421
## Cough=No                           -12.761896
## Breathlessness=No                  -13.483470
## XCOPD=No                           -14.373794
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -15.764576
## dyspenea=No                        -16.267214
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -17.430763
## spt_any=Yes                        -19.304557
## 
## $`1`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global       p.value
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      66.888519 88.448845 38.761690 8.535119e-309
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     64.735945 83.608361 37.858755 6.145383e-258
## Breathlessness=Yes                 50.768156 79.977998 46.178652 5.726335e-136
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      72.646536 44.994499 18.155434 3.078823e-126
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       66.503268 44.774477 19.735569 9.280067e-104
## familial_allergy=Yes               45.174051 62.816282 40.761045  7.912171e-58
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      68.771930 21.562156  9.190584  1.061966e-47
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       61.818182 11.221122  5.320864  6.119156e-19
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             48.655257 21.892189 13.189294  7.208538e-19
## spt_any=Yes                        33.240612 78.877888 69.558207  1.250572e-13
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               43.708609 21.782178 14.608191  1.636595e-12
## urbanization_level=No              35.476879 54.015402 44.630764  1.444451e-11
## smoking_status=never smoker        34.185493 63.256326 54.240568  7.153463e-11
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        33.261687 68.096810 60.012899  2.479038e-09
## gina_steps=step3                   54.237288  7.040704  3.805224  9.078366e-09
## education=primary                  34.071093 55.885589 48.081264  2.154825e-08
## severe_asthma=Yes                  39.440204 17.051705 12.673331  4.093403e-06
## Gender=Yes                         32.427844 63.036304 56.981619  1.081345e-05
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   35.016835 34.323432 28.732667  1.156334e-05
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           47.863248  6.160616  3.772976  1.732596e-05
## Cough=Yes                          35.055351 31.353135 26.217349  3.452739e-05
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        30.054459 97.139714 94.743631  5.399636e-05
## nasal_plyposis=No                  32.025389 61.056106 55.885198  1.822060e-04
## gina_control=partially controlled  32.566499 49.834983 44.856498  3.405967e-04
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              37.837838  9.240924  7.158981  4.623507e-03
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        31.925676 41.584158 38.181232  1.229767e-02
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       33.399209 18.591859 16.317317  2.875828e-02
## gina_control=uncontrolled          33.879781 13.641364 11.802644  4.322413e-02
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        28.516378 81.408141 83.682683  2.875828e-02
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       27.699531 58.415842 61.818768  1.229767e-02
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 25.877193 38.943894 44.114802  1.822060e-04
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       15.950920  2.860286  5.256369  5.399636e-05
## Cough=No                           27.272727 68.646865 73.782651  3.452739e-05
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            28.585791 93.839384 96.227024  1.732596e-05
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  27.013575 65.676568 71.267333  1.156334e-05
## Gender=No                          25.187406 36.963696 43.018381  1.081345e-05
## severe_asthma=No                   27.843427 82.948295 87.326669  4.093403e-06
## gina_control=controlled            24.702381 36.523652 43.340858  7.321111e-07
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       23.387097 31.903190 39.987101  2.479038e-09
## smoking_status=former smokers      22.996516 29.042904 37.020316  2.190578e-09
## urbanization_level=Yes             24.344787 45.984598 55.369236  1.444451e-11
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                26.850453 78.217822 85.391809  1.636595e-12
## education=tertiary                 14.690722  6.270627 12.512093  9.124472e-13
## spt_any=No                         20.338983 21.122112 30.441793  1.250572e-13
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        27.486376 88.778878 94.679136  6.119156e-19
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 23.894558 61.826183 75.846501  2.805168e-30
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       25.319602 78.437844 90.809416  1.061966e-47
## familial_allergy=No                18.399565 37.183718 59.238955  7.912171e-58
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        20.168742 55.225523 80.264431 9.280067e-104
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       19.700552 55.005501 81.844566 3.078823e-126
## Breathlessness=No                  10.904733 20.022002 53.821348 5.726335e-136
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       7.732226 16.391639 62.141245 6.145383e-258
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        5.529226 11.551155 61.238310 8.535119e-309
##                                        v.test
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       37.563335
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      34.307121
## Breathlessness=Yes                  24.818039
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       23.899781
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        21.630486
## familial_allergy=Yes                16.029812
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       14.509040
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes         8.889850
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2               8.871626
## spt_any=Yes                          7.411311
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                 7.062393
## urbanization_level=No                6.753375
## smoking_status=never smoker          6.517404
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No          5.962832
## gina_steps=step3                     5.747106
## education=primary                    5.599088
## severe_asthma=Yes                    4.606583
## Gender=Yes                           4.400233
## Ever_rhinitis=No                     4.385662
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes             4.296828
## Cough=Yes                            4.141346
## Hosptalization_last_year=No          4.037619
## nasal_plyposis=No                    3.742490
## gina_control=partially controlled    3.582289
## gina_steps=step4 or 5                2.832157
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No          2.503486
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes         2.186784
## gina_control=uncontrolled            2.021538
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         -2.186784
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        -2.503486
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  -3.742490
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        -4.037619
## Cough=No                            -4.141346
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             -4.296828
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   -4.385662
## Gender=No                           -4.400233
## severe_asthma=No                    -4.606583
## gina_control=controlled             -4.952646
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        -5.962832
## smoking_status=former smokers       -5.983005
## urbanization_level=Yes              -6.753375
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 -7.062393
## education=tertiary                  -7.143107
## spt_any=No                          -7.411311
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         -8.889850
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users -11.434696
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       -14.509040
## familial_allergy=No                -16.029812
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        -21.630486
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       -23.899781
## Breathlessness=No                  -24.818039
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -34.307121
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -37.563335
## 
## $`2`
##                                       Cla/Mod     Mod/Cla    Global
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      83.3419824  99.3197279 62.141245
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       84.7814639  99.5670996 61.238310
## Breathlessness=No                  79.2091072  81.7563389 53.821348
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        64.8854962  99.8763142 80.264431
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       62.8841608  98.7012987 81.844566
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       57.2443182  99.6907854 90.809416
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 61.2244898  89.0538033 75.846501
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                58.2703927  95.4236240 85.391809
## dyspenea=No                        58.0804249  94.6815090 85.004837
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        55.0749319 100.0000000 94.679136
## Cough=No                           59.7465035  84.5392703 73.782651
## urbanization_level=Yes             62.8421666  66.7285096 55.369236
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        57.0327553  91.5275201 83.682683
## severe_asthma=No                   55.9822747  93.7538652 87.326669
## XCOPD=No                           55.2175451  96.5367965 91.164141
## gina_control=controlled            63.4672619  52.7520099 43.340858
## familial_allergy=No                59.3358737  67.4087817 59.238955
## spt_any=Yes                        57.4872508  76.6852195 69.558207
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            53.4852547  98.7012987 96.227024
## Gender=No                          58.6206897  48.3611626 43.018381
## Emergency_last_year=No             53.9772727  88.1261596 85.133828
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            41.6485900  11.8738404 14.866172
## gina_steps=step3                   26.2711864   1.9171305  3.805224
## Gender=Yes                         47.2552349  51.6388374 56.981619
## gina_control=partially controlled  45.7943925  39.3939394 44.856498
## gina_control=uncontrolled          34.6994536   7.8540507 11.802644
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           17.9487179   1.2987013  3.772976
## spt_any=No                         39.9364407  23.3147805 30.441793
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              22.0720721   3.0303030  7.158981
## familial_allergy=Yes               41.6930380  32.5912183 40.761045
## XCOPD=Yes                          20.4379562   3.4632035  8.835859
## severe_asthma=Yes                  25.6997455   6.2461348 12.673331
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       27.0750988   8.4724799 16.317317
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             23.7163814   5.9987631 13.189294
## urbanization_level=No              38.8728324  33.2714904 44.630764
## Cough=Yes                          30.7503075  15.4607297 26.217349
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        0.0000000   0.0000000  5.320864
## dyspenea=Yes                       18.4946237   5.3184910 14.995163
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               16.3355408   4.5763760 14.608191
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       1.7543860   0.3092146  9.190584
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       3.7300178   1.2987013 18.155434
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        0.3267974   0.1236858 19.735569
## Breathlessness=Yes                 20.6005587  18.2436611 46.178652
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      0.9369676   0.6802721 37.858755
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       0.5823627   0.4329004 38.761690
##                                          p.value     v.test
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       0.000000e+00        Inf
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        0.000000e+00        Inf
## Breathlessness=No                  1.885278e-247  33.596528
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        5.154130e-227  32.166732
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       5.181630e-168  27.627641
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        6.028560e-88  19.880289
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  2.825767e-74  18.232965
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 3.302997e-65  17.053308
## dyspenea=No                         6.311814e-59  16.186190
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         1.008167e-55  15.725709
## Cough=No                            1.607452e-46  14.321445
## urbanization_level=Yes              1.522435e-40  13.331289
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         9.128185e-36  12.484001
## severe_asthma=No                    5.003543e-30  11.384358
## XCOPD=No                            2.000148e-29  11.262922
## gina_control=controlled             1.563234e-28  11.080314
## familial_allergy=No                 3.787228e-22   9.676706
## spt_any=Yes                         2.018274e-19   9.012274
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             8.588321e-15   7.758583
## Gender=No                           3.417302e-10   6.278557
## Emergency_last_year=No              1.027695e-06   4.886260
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             1.027695e-06  -4.886260
## gina_steps=step3                    6.747146e-09  -5.797100
## Gender=Yes                          3.417302e-10  -6.278557
## gina_control=partially controlled   1.709770e-10  -6.385376
## gina_control=uncontrolled           9.572300e-13  -7.136521
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            8.588321e-15  -7.758583
## spt_any=No                          2.018274e-19  -9.012274
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               2.207845e-21  -9.494729
## familial_allergy=Yes                3.787228e-22  -9.676706
## XCOPD=Yes                           2.000148e-29 -11.262922
## severe_asthma=Yes                   5.003543e-30 -11.384358
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        9.128185e-36 -12.484001
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              3.417961e-36 -12.561952
## urbanization_level=No               1.522435e-40 -13.331289
## Cough=Yes                           1.607452e-46 -14.321445
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        1.008167e-55 -15.725709
## dyspenea=Yes                        6.311814e-59 -16.186190
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                3.302997e-65 -17.053308
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       6.028560e-88 -19.880289
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      5.181630e-168 -27.627641
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       5.154130e-227 -32.166732
## Breathlessness=Yes                 1.885278e-247 -33.596528
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      0.000000e+00       -Inf
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       0.000000e+00       -Inf
## 
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the quantitative variables
## ================================================================
##                            Eta2       P-value
## onset_age_asthma    0.700732185  0.000000e+00
## Age                 0.202559137 5.382143e-153
## pack_years          0.121262571  1.090900e-87
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 0.102255571  2.713696e-73
## Reversibility       0.086723467  9.396376e-62
## kco                 0.070353195  8.405294e-50
## tlco                0.055228298  6.044107e-39
## BMI                 0.036724372  6.755167e-26
## FeNO                0.033338190  1.549871e-23
## pd20                0.032722399  4.156251e-23
## Eosinophiles        0.029016744  1.552340e-20
## Neutrophiles        0.021122806  4.345081e-15
## Basophiles          0.018372362  3.353962e-13
## Monocytes           0.004554582  8.492446e-04
## 
## Description of each cluster by quantitative variables
## =====================================================
## $`0`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## onset_age_asthma     44.082431     4.144870e+01 1.277169e+01   1.411359e+01
## Age                  22.308579     6.360000e+01 5.047952e+01   9.113583e+00
## pack_years           18.657342     2.068701e+01 1.128550e+01   1.827929e+01
## Reversibility        10.889015     8.693421e+00 5.948107e+00   9.743410e+00
## BMI                  10.036695     2.837788e+01 2.661552e+01   4.837879e+00
## Neutrophiles          6.968279     4.111252e+00 3.757449e+00   1.402154e+00
## Basophiles            6.351689     3.841739e-02 2.780071e-02   5.079301e-02
## pd20                  5.220783     2.829375e+03 2.320957e+03   2.014111e+03
## Eosinophiles          5.181135     2.294609e-01 2.004192e-01   1.838247e-01
## Monocytes             3.708725     4.408522e-01 4.195937e-01   1.544408e-01
## FeNO                  3.533099     2.560574e+01 2.306080e+01   2.417061e+01
## kco                  -8.839875     9.238192e+01 9.737797e+01   1.686496e+01
## tlco                -11.511575     9.106285e+01 9.981259e+01   2.139068e+01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -17.074393     7.268686e-01 7.832420e-01   1.128903e-01
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01  0.000000e+00
## Age                 1.562341e+01 3.050304e-110
## pack_years          1.338584e+01  1.100716e-77
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00  1.300387e-27
## BMI                 4.664452e+00  1.051378e-23
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00  3.208420e-12
## Basophiles          4.440150e-02  2.129632e-10
## pd20                2.586920e+03  1.781679e-07
## Eosinophiles        1.488999e-01  2.205400e-07
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01  2.083056e-04
## FeNO                1.913459e+01  4.107188e-04
## kco                 1.501340e+01  9.582548e-19
## tlco                2.019103e+01  1.153518e-30
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02  2.302059e-65
## 
## $`1`
##                   v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## kco            13.973880      103.2292882   97.3779717      13.643679
## tlco            9.456202      105.1377519   99.8125910      14.016063
## Reversibility   8.320078        7.5022334    5.9481072       6.854685
## FeNO            7.985770       27.3226073   23.0608030      23.240616
## Eosinophiles    5.967943        0.2252035    0.2004192       0.163309
## pd20           -9.800392     1613.8517914 2320.9569182    2308.138035
## pack_years    -10.751427        7.2715759   11.2855015       8.379855
## Age           -17.715248       42.7601760   50.4795227      13.285546
##                 Overall sd      p.value
## kco             15.0134018 2.250270e-44
## tlco            20.1910322 3.193322e-21
## Reversibility    6.6973257 8.790564e-17
## FeNO            19.1345916 1.396474e-15
## Eosinophiles     0.1488999 2.402626e-09
## pd20          2586.9202764 1.121494e-22
## pack_years      13.3858429 5.835194e-27
## Age             15.6234094 3.198124e-70
## 
## $`2`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  12.878837     8.026770e-01 7.832420e-01   6.943641e-02
## pd20                  4.868697     2.537666e+03 2.320957e+03   2.824274e+03
## Monocytes            -2.370639     4.133828e-01 4.195937e-01   1.483098e-01
## pack_years           -4.718307     1.019879e+01 1.128550e+01   1.198596e+01
## kco                  -5.856076     9.586522e+01 9.737797e+01   1.400242e+01
## Basophiles           -6.697512     2.268398e-02 2.780071e-02   4.055850e-02
## Neutrophiles         -7.037779     3.594125e+00 3.757449e+00   1.263430e+00
## BMI                  -8.138399     2.596236e+01 2.661552e+01   4.250177e+00
## Eosinophiles         -9.469111     1.761596e-01 2.004192e-01   1.194837e-01
## FeNO                -10.025656     1.976005e+01 2.306080e+01   1.293687e+01
## Reversibility       -16.053179     4.098227e+00 5.948107e+00   4.288036e+00
## onset_age_asthma    -35.077134     2.341991e+00 1.277169e+01   7.003748e+00
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02  5.922143e-38
## pd20                2.586920e+03  1.123364e-06
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01  1.775735e-02
## pack_years          1.338584e+01  2.378157e-06
## kco                 1.501340e+01  4.739302e-09
## Basophiles          4.440150e-02  2.119984e-11
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00  1.953280e-12
## BMI                 4.664452e+00  4.005381e-16
## Eosinophiles        1.488999e-01  2.822348e-21
## FeNO                1.913459e+01  1.175762e-23
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00  5.430978e-58
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01 1.504654e-269

1.3.3 Radar Plots

radar_plot(labeled_original_data = results_cluster_data, clusters = results_cluster_data$clusters)

1.3.4 parallel box plots

1.3.5 parallel coordinate plot

1.4 Deep Empedding Clustering on the encoded data 6 clusters

1.4.1 Summary table

# results_Kam <- get_ClusterResults(OriginalData = my_imp_data, Labels = kamRes$finalMemb)
table_result <- tableby(clusters ~ ., data = as.list(results_cluster_data))
summary(table_result, title = "Charachtaristcs of Clusters")  
Charachtaristcs of Clusters
0 (N=769) 1 (N=317) 2 (N=603) 3 (N=716) 4 (N=258) 5 (N=438) Total (N=3101) p value
Age < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 38.003 (10.791) 64.767 (9.056) 40.468 (13.040) 61.204 (10.075) 48.647 (14.752) 59.377 (10.474) 50.480 (15.626)
   Range 17.000 - 72.000 37.000 - 86.000 17.000 - 86.000 31.000 - 97.000 18.000 - 82.000 26.000 - 85.000 17.000 - 97.000
Gender < 0.001
   No 323 (42.0%) 120 (37.9%) 195 (32.3%) 383 (53.5%) 139 (53.9%) 174 (39.7%) 1334 (43.0%)
   Yes 446 (58.0%) 197 (62.1%) 408 (67.7%) 333 (46.5%) 119 (46.1%) 264 (60.3%) 1767 (57.0%)
BMI < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 24.809 (3.856) 29.241 (5.288) 26.108 (4.621) 26.852 (4.089) 26.078 (4.282) 28.517 (5.050) 26.616 (4.665)
   Range 16.975 - 40.615 18.825 - 50.058 16.534 - 42.595 17.296 - 44.816 18.084 - 45.435 17.603 - 48.919 16.534 - 50.058
age at asthma onset as numeeric variable < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 2.645 (7.063) 27.148 (21.266) 14.692 (12.026) 1.346 (6.192) 21.562 (17.917) 31.002 (18.043) 12.772 (17.284)
   Range -1.000 - 45.000 -1.000 - 70.000 -1.000 - 70.000 -1.000 - 38.000 -1.000 - 70.000 -1.000 - 72.000 -1.000 - 72.000
Cough < 0.001
   No 669 (87.0%) 162 (51.1%) 406 (67.3%) 604 (84.4%) 195 (75.6%) 252 (57.5%) 2288 (73.8%)
   Yes 100 (13.0%) 155 (48.9%) 197 (32.7%) 112 (15.6%) 63 (24.4%) 186 (42.5%) 813 (26.2%)
Breathlessness < 0.001
   No 635 (82.6%) 86 (27.1%) 168 (27.9%) 615 (85.9%) 32 (12.4%) 133 (30.4%) 1669 (53.8%)
   Yes 134 (17.4%) 231 (72.9%) 435 (72.1%) 101 (14.1%) 226 (87.6%) 305 (69.6%) 1432 (46.2%)
Recurrent_wheeze < 0.001
   No 744 (96.7%) 190 (59.9%) 508 (84.2%) 693 (96.8%) 183 (70.9%) 330 (75.3%) 2648 (85.4%)
   Yes 25 (3.3%) 127 (40.1%) 95 (15.8%) 23 (3.2%) 75 (29.1%) 108 (24.7%) 453 (14.6%)
dyspenea < 0.001
   No 742 (96.5%) 176 (55.5%) 505 (83.7%) 673 (94.0%) 230 (89.1%) 310 (70.8%) 2636 (85.0%)
   Yes 27 (3.5%) 141 (44.5%) 98 (16.3%) 43 (6.0%) 28 (10.9%) 128 (29.2%) 465 (15.0%)
Chronic_productive_cough < 0.001
   No 736 (95.7%) 213 (67.2%) 495 (82.1%) 639 (89.2%) 207 (80.2%) 305 (69.6%) 2595 (83.7%)
   Yes 33 (4.3%) 104 (32.8%) 108 (17.9%) 77 (10.8%) 51 (19.8%) 133 (30.4%) 506 (16.3%)
FEV1_FVC_ratio_post < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.831 (0.056) 0.713 (0.116) 0.796 (0.086) 0.786 (0.060) 0.746 (0.096) 0.751 (0.091) 0.783 (0.088)
   Range 0.596 - 1.180 0.267 - 1.590 0.259 - 1.009 0.557 - 1.009 0.424 - 1.005 0.230 - 1.028 0.230 - 1.590
Reversibility < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 3.836 (3.286) 7.035 (8.041) 6.489 (5.982) 3.983 (4.460) 13.812 (11.297) 6.707 (6.568) 5.948 (6.698)
   Range -3.924 - 20.891 -6.858 - 47.541 -9.470 - 55.102 -12.603 - 38.626 -12.121 - 77.242 -26.774 - 30.890 -26.774 - 77.242
pd20 < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 1925.944 (2789.571) 2904.420 (2154.145) 1848.170 (2539.792) 3182.164 (2826.197) 1420.629 (1622.955) 2365.611 (2104.148) 2320.957 (2587.337)
   Range -26261.250 - 25908.750 -1417.620 - 13923.750 -6521.250 - 38775.000 0.000 - 38775.000 0.000 - 9693.750 -3701.250 - 13923.750 -26261.250 - 38775.000
tlco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 107.450 (13.758) 85.872 (17.895) 105.474 (14.944) 92.232 (12.357) 109.573 (42.565) 95.341 (15.732) 99.813 (20.194)
   Range 66.823 - 230.491 44.453 - 264.519 44.477 - 161.534 48.844 - 141.333 67.966 - 680.093 48.917 - 165.714 44.453 - 680.093
kco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 102.726 (11.936) 86.737 (15.197) 104.179 (14.322) 89.636 (11.878) 103.270 (14.231) 95.513 (15.202) 97.378 (15.016)
   Range 68.839 - 139.983 43.704 - 128.004 40.972 - 149.720 28.161 - 132.696 43.704 - 141.410 51.449 - 136.627 28.161 - 149.720
FeNO < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 17.588 (9.243) 18.078 (12.146) 19.388 (9.623) 19.870 (10.068) 65.412 (34.797) 21.602 (12.990) 23.061 (19.138)
   Range 0.000 - 56.900 4.600 - 102.900 3.300 - 57.000 3.400 - 73.900 5.000 - 226.000 3.600 - 82.800 0.000 - 226.000
Eosinophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.157 (0.109) 0.222 (0.132) 0.178 (0.116) 0.178 (0.108) 0.420 (0.253) 0.199 (0.124) 0.200 (0.149)
   Range 0.000 - 0.800 0.000 - 0.800 0.000 - 0.700 0.000 - 0.810 0.000 - 2.300 0.020 - 0.800 0.000 - 2.300
Neutrophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 3.348 (1.131) 4.640 (1.624) 3.666 (1.315) 3.775 (1.310) 3.509 (1.145) 4.080 (1.336) 3.757 (1.349)
   Range 0.700 - 10.800 1.300 - 12.300 1.100 - 12.500 1.500 - 11.000 1.000 - 8.200 1.300 - 10.000 0.700 - 12.500
Lymphocyties < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 1.909 (0.524) 2.101 (0.710) 1.959 (0.762) 1.944 (0.608) 1.974 (0.619) 1.983 (0.701) 1.962 (0.649)
   Range 0.300 - 4.000 0.300 - 5.400 0.600 - 11.200 0.400 - 4.800 0.700 - 5.000 0.400 - 8.000 0.300 - 11.200
Monocytes < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.371 (0.124) 0.517 (0.196) 0.390 (0.130) 0.439 (0.142) 0.428 (0.132) 0.440 (0.174) 0.420 (0.152)
   Range 0.190 - 1.000 0.200 - 1.500 0.100 - 1.000 0.190 - 1.000 0.200 - 1.000 0.200 - 2.400 0.100 - 2.400
Basophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.015 (0.034) 0.050 (0.053) 0.024 (0.042) 0.024 (0.041) 0.045 (0.052) 0.035 (0.047) 0.028 (0.044)
   Range 0.000 - 0.190 0.000 - 0.300 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.250 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.300
spt_any < 0.001
   No 171 (22.2%) 138 (43.5%) 192 (31.8%) 164 (22.9%) 63 (24.4%) 216 (49.3%) 944 (30.4%)
   Yes 598 (77.8%) 179 (56.5%) 411 (68.2%) 552 (77.1%) 195 (75.6%) 222 (50.7%) 2157 (69.6%)
familial_allergy < 0.001
   No 426 (55.4%) 243 (76.7%) 205 (34.0%) 562 (78.5%) 127 (49.2%) 274 (62.6%) 1837 (59.2%)
   Yes 343 (44.6%) 74 (23.3%) 398 (66.0%) 154 (21.5%) 131 (50.8%) 164 (37.4%) 1264 (40.8%)
Drug_induced_dyspnea < 0.001
   No 763 (99.2%) 293 (92.4%) 573 (95.0%) 709 (99.0%) 250 (96.9%) 396 (90.4%) 2984 (96.2%)
   Yes 6 (0.8%) 24 (7.6%) 30 (5.0%) 7 (1.0%) 8 (3.1%) 42 (9.6%) 117 (3.8%)
nasal_plyposis < 0.001
   No 467 (60.7%) 159 (50.2%) 382 (63.3%) 350 (48.9%) 122 (47.3%) 253 (57.8%) 1733 (55.9%)
   Yes 302 (39.3%) 158 (49.8%) 221 (36.7%) 366 (51.1%) 136 (52.7%) 185 (42.2%) 1368 (44.1%)
Ever_rhinitis 0.004
   No 243 (31.6%) 83 (26.2%) 169 (28.0%) 179 (25.0%) 95 (36.8%) 122 (27.9%) 891 (28.7%)
   Yes 526 (68.4%) 234 (73.8%) 434 (72.0%) 537 (75.0%) 163 (63.2%) 316 (72.1%) 2210 (71.3%)
gina_steps < 0.001
   onlys saba or non users 699 (90.9%) 204 (64.4%) 359 (59.5%) 632 (88.3%) 176 (68.2%) 282 (64.4%) 2352 (75.8%)
   step 1 or 2 42 (5.5%) 48 (15.1%) 140 (23.2%) 44 (6.1%) 50 (19.4%) 85 (19.4%) 409 (13.2%)
   step3 15 (2.0%) 17 (5.4%) 41 (6.8%) 15 (2.1%) 11 (4.3%) 19 (4.3%) 118 (3.8%)
   step4 or 5 13 (1.7%) 48 (15.1%) 63 (10.4%) 25 (3.5%) 21 (8.1%) 52 (11.9%) 222 (7.2%)
Hosptalization_last_year < 0.001
   No 747 (97.1%) 281 (88.6%) 580 (96.2%) 668 (93.3%) 251 (97.3%) 411 (93.8%) 2938 (94.7%)
   Yes 22 (2.9%) 36 (11.4%) 23 (3.8%) 48 (6.7%) 7 (2.7%) 27 (6.2%) 163 (5.3%)
Emergency_last_year < 0.001
   No 710 (92.3%) 226 (71.3%) 524 (86.9%) 607 (84.8%) 224 (86.8%) 349 (79.7%) 2640 (85.1%)
   Yes 59 (7.7%) 91 (28.7%) 79 (13.1%) 109 (15.2%) 34 (13.2%) 89 (20.3%) 461 (14.9%)
severe_asthma < 0.001
   No 736 (95.7%) 245 (77.3%) 499 (82.8%) 661 (92.3%) 221 (85.7%) 346 (79.0%) 2708 (87.3%)
   Yes 33 (4.3%) 72 (22.7%) 104 (17.2%) 55 (7.7%) 37 (14.3%) 92 (21.0%) 393 (12.7%)
gina_control < 0.001
   controlled 460 (59.8%) 96 (30.3%) 231 (38.3%) 341 (47.6%) 79 (30.6%) 137 (31.3%) 1344 (43.3%)
   partially controlled 262 (34.1%) 152 (47.9%) 300 (49.8%) 318 (44.4%) 127 (49.2%) 232 (53.0%) 1391 (44.9%)
   uncontrolled 47 (6.1%) 69 (21.8%) 72 (11.9%) 57 (8.0%) 52 (20.2%) 69 (15.8%) 366 (11.8%)
education < 0.001
   primary 449 (58.4%) 90 (28.4%) 354 (58.7%) 267 (37.3%) 147 (57.0%) 184 (42.0%) 1491 (48.1%)
   secondary 290 (37.7%) 120 (37.9%) 222 (36.8%) 311 (43.4%) 91 (35.3%) 188 (42.9%) 1222 (39.4%)
   tertiary 30 (3.9%) 107 (33.8%) 27 (4.5%) 138 (19.3%) 20 (7.8%) 66 (15.1%) 388 (12.5%)
urbanization_level < 0.001
   No 255 (33.2%) 150 (47.3%) 359 (59.5%) 221 (30.9%) 132 (51.2%) 267 (61.0%) 1384 (44.6%)
   Yes 514 (66.8%) 167 (52.7%) 244 (40.5%) 495 (69.1%) 126 (48.8%) 171 (39.0%) 1717 (55.4%)
smoking_status < 0.001
   never smoker 551 (71.7%) 75 (23.7%) 410 (68.0%) 288 (40.2%) 163 (63.2%) 195 (44.5%) 1682 (54.2%)
   former smokers 184 (23.9%) 167 (52.7%) 161 (26.7%) 348 (48.6%) 84 (32.6%) 204 (46.6%) 1148 (37.0%)
   current smoker 34 (4.4%) 75 (23.7%) 32 (5.3%) 80 (11.2%) 11 (4.3%) 39 (8.9%) 271 (8.7%)
pack_years < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 3.751 (3.977) 28.083 (18.827) 6.713 (11.301) 14.228 (10.874) 9.122 (9.196) 15.116 (14.254) 11.286 (13.388)
   Range 0.000 - 36.250 0.100 - 112.500 0.000 - 88.000 0.000 - 68.250 0.000 - 55.500 0.000 - 111.000 0.000 - 112.500
smoking_exposure_at_home < 0.001
   No 394 (51.2%) 63 (19.9%) 280 (46.4%) 205 (28.6%) 87 (33.7%) 155 (35.4%) 1184 (38.2%)
   Yes 375 (48.8%) 254 (80.1%) 323 (53.6%) 511 (71.4%) 171 (66.3%) 283 (64.6%) 1917 (61.8%)
smoking_exposure_at_work < 0.001
   No 623 (81.0%) 126 (39.7%) 460 (76.3%) 292 (40.8%) 145 (56.2%) 215 (49.1%) 1861 (60.0%)
   Yes 146 (19.0%) 191 (60.3%) 143 (23.7%) 424 (59.2%) 113 (43.8%) 223 (50.9%) 1240 (40.0%)
household_damage < 0.001
   No 654 (85.0%) 288 (90.9%) 513 (85.1%) 654 (91.3%) 223 (86.4%) 400 (91.3%) 2732 (88.1%)
   Yes 115 (15.0%) 29 (9.1%) 90 (14.9%) 62 (8.7%) 35 (13.6%) 38 (8.7%) 369 (11.9%)
exertion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 769 (100.0%) 181 (57.1%) 60 (10.0%) 716 (100.0%) 61 (23.6%) 112 (25.6%) 1899 (61.2%)
   Yes 0 (0.0%) 136 (42.9%) 543 (90.0%) 0 (0.0%) 197 (76.4%) 326 (74.4%) 1202 (38.8%)
infection_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 769 (100.0%) 177 (55.8%) 83 (13.8%) 716 (100.0%) 70 (27.1%) 112 (25.6%) 1927 (62.1%)
   Yes 0 (0.0%) 140 (44.2%) 520 (86.2%) 0 (0.0%) 188 (72.9%) 326 (74.4%) 1174 (37.9%)
allergen_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 755 (98.2%) 271 (85.5%) 344 (57.0%) 713 (99.6%) 154 (59.7%) 301 (68.7%) 2538 (81.8%)
   Yes 14 (1.8%) 46 (14.5%) 259 (43.0%) 3 (0.4%) 104 (40.3%) 137 (31.3%) 563 (18.2%)
irritant_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 766 (99.6%) 279 (88.0%) 492 (81.6%) 714 (99.7%) 224 (86.8%) 341 (77.9%) 2816 (90.8%)
   Yes 3 (0.4%) 38 (12.0%) 111 (18.4%) 2 (0.3%) 34 (13.2%) 97 (22.1%) 285 (9.2%)
weather_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 769 (100.0%) 257 (81.1%) 319 (52.9%) 716 (100.0%) 165 (64.0%) 263 (60.0%) 2489 (80.3%)
   Yes 0 (0.0%) 60 (18.9%) 284 (47.1%) 0 (0.0%) 93 (36.0%) 175 (40.0%) 612 (19.7%)
emotion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 769 (100.0%) 300 (94.6%) 528 (87.6%) 716 (100.0%) 233 (90.3%) 390 (89.0%) 2936 (94.7%)
   Yes 0 (0.0%) 17 (5.4%) 75 (12.4%) 0 (0.0%) 25 (9.7%) 48 (11.0%) 165 (5.3%)
XCOPD < 0.001
   No 759 (98.7%) 218 (68.8%) 561 (93.0%) 690 (96.4%) 240 (93.0%) 359 (82.0%) 2827 (91.2%)
   Yes 10 (1.3%) 99 (31.2%) 42 (7.0%) 26 (3.6%) 18 (7.0%) 79 (18.0%) 274 (8.8%)

1.4.2 Charachtiristic Analysis

catdes(results_cluster_data, dim(results_cluster_data)[2])
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the categorical variables (chi-square test)
## =================================================================================
##                                  p.value df
## exertion_triggered_asthma   0.000000e+00  5
## infection_triggered_asthma  0.000000e+00  5
## Breathlessness             1.315901e-231  5
## weather_triggered_asthma   4.247154e-172  5
## allergen_triggered_asthma  2.791367e-144  5
## dyspenea                    1.783449e-87  5
## Recurrent_wheeze            7.735567e-84  5
## smoking_exposure_at_work    2.365184e-83  5
## smoking_status              2.171838e-76 10
## familial_allergy            2.241856e-68  5
## XCOPD                       3.437973e-68  5
## irritant_triggered_asthma   4.771885e-62  5
## education                   2.766555e-61 10
## gina_steps                  5.790382e-61 15
## Cough                       6.563369e-56  5
## Chronic_productive_cough    3.712578e-47  5
## urbanization_level          7.554041e-42  5
## gina_control                1.152693e-37 10
## emotion_triggered_asthma    2.562846e-37  5
## smoking_exposure_at_home    1.952923e-30  5
## spt_any                     3.606954e-30  5
## severe_asthma               4.682529e-27  5
## Emergency_last_year         2.739360e-18  5
## Drug_induced_dyspnea        5.262740e-18  5
## Gender                      1.981940e-15  5
## nasal_plyposis              3.962674e-09  5
## Hosptalization_last_year    5.482587e-08  5
## household_damage            6.831432e-05  5
## Ever_rhinitis               3.611020e-03  5
## 
## Description of each cluster by the categories
## =============================================
## $`0`
##                                      Cla/Mod     Mod/Cla    Global
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       40.494997 100.0000000 61.238310
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      39.906591 100.0000000 62.141245
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        30.895942 100.0000000 80.264431
## Breathlessness=No                  38.046735  82.5747724 53.821348
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       29.747833  98.1794538 81.844566
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        33.476625  81.0143043 60.012899
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 29.719388  90.8972692 75.846501
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       27.201705  99.6098830 90.809416
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                28.096677  96.7490247 85.391809
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        28.362235  95.7087126 83.682683
## dyspenea=No                        28.148710  96.4889467 85.004837
## smoking_status=never smoker        32.758621  71.6514954 54.240568
## gina_control=controlled            34.226190  59.8179454 43.340858
## Cough=No                           29.239510  86.9960988 73.782651
## XCOPD=No                           26.848249  98.6996099 91.164141
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        26.192098 100.0000000 94.679136
## severe_asthma=No                   27.178730  95.7087126 87.326669
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        33.277027  51.2353706 38.181232
## urbanization_level=Yes             29.935935  66.8400520 55.369236
## Emergency_last_year=No             26.893939  92.3276983 85.133828
## education=primary                  30.114017  58.3875163 48.081264
## spt_any=Yes                        27.723690  77.7633290 69.558207
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            25.569705  99.2197659 96.227024
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        25.425459  97.1391417 94.743631
## nasal_plyposis=No                  26.947490  60.7282185 55.885198
## household_damage=Yes               31.165312  14.9544863 11.899387
## familial_allergy=Yes               27.136076  44.6033810 40.761045
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   27.272727  31.5994798 28.732667
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  23.800905  68.4005202 71.267333
## familial_allergy=No                23.189984  55.3966190 59.238955
## household_damage=No                23.938507  85.0455137 88.100613
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 22.076023  39.2717815 44.114802
## gina_steps=step3                   12.711864   1.9505852  3.805224
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       13.496933   2.8608583  5.256369
## smoking_status=current smoker      12.546125   4.4213264  8.739116
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            5.128205   0.7802341  3.772976
## spt_any=No                         18.114407  22.2366710 30.441793
## gina_control=uncontrolled          12.841530   6.1118336 11.802644
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            12.798265   7.6723017 14.866172
## gina_control=partially controlled  18.835370  34.0702211 44.856498
## urbanization_level=No              18.424855  33.1599480 44.630764
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               5.855856   1.6905072  7.158981
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             10.268949   5.4616385 13.189294
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       19.561815  48.7646294 61.818768
## severe_asthma=Yes                   8.396947   4.2912874 12.673331
## smoking_status=former smokers      16.027875  23.9271782 37.020316
## education=tertiary                  7.731959   3.9011704 12.512093
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        0.000000   0.0000000  5.320864
## XCOPD=Yes                           3.649635   1.3003901  8.835859
## Cough=Yes                          12.300123  13.0039012 26.217349
## dyspenea=Yes                        5.806452   3.5110533 14.995163
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        6.521739   4.2912874 16.317317
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                5.518764   3.2509753 14.608191
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       1.052632   0.3901170  9.190584
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       11.774194  18.9856957 39.987101
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       2.486679   1.8205462 18.155434
## Breathlessness=Yes                  9.357542  17.4252276 46.178652
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        0.000000   0.0000000 19.735569
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      0.000000   0.0000000 37.858755
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       0.000000   0.0000000 38.761690
##                                          p.value     v.test
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       2.438298e-198  30.046328
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      4.337466e-192  29.564017
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         1.026574e-86  19.737539
## Breathlessness=No                   1.636908e-81  19.122615
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        1.537994e-56  15.844352
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         8.551560e-46  14.204825
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  1.375769e-33  12.078274
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        1.092237e-32  11.906693
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 4.888177e-31  11.585376
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         5.694981e-31  11.572279
## dyspenea=No                         7.798315e-31  11.545284
## smoking_status=never smoker         8.354126e-30  11.339583
## gina_control=controlled             3.141234e-26  10.595065
## Cough=No                            5.689464e-24  10.097109
## XCOPD=No                            5.652809e-23   9.869353
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         8.424797e-22   9.594594
## severe_asthma=No                    1.033506e-18   8.831425
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         1.816991e-17   8.504934
## urbanization_level=Yes              1.002414e-13   7.440584
## Emergency_last_year=No              8.008693e-12   6.838392
## education=primary                   4.193492e-11   6.597075
## spt_any=Yes                         6.208770e-09   5.811035
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             1.131916e-08   5.709676
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         3.011111e-04   3.614342
## nasal_plyposis=No                   1.775633e-03   3.125400
## household_damage=Yes                3.140848e-03   2.953606
## familial_allergy=Yes                1.269296e-02   2.492270
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    4.397435e-02   2.014335
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   4.397435e-02  -2.014335
## familial_allergy=No                 1.269296e-02  -2.492270
## household_damage=No                 3.140848e-03  -2.953606
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  1.775633e-03  -3.125400
## gina_steps=step3                    1.062076e-03  -3.273545
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        3.011111e-04  -3.614342
## smoking_status=current smoker       2.080463e-07  -5.192001
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            1.131916e-08  -5.709676
## spt_any=No                          6.208770e-09  -5.811035
## gina_control=uncontrolled           2.337914e-09  -5.972398
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             8.008693e-12  -6.838392
## gina_control=partially controlled   2.828943e-12  -6.985970
## urbanization_level=No               1.002414e-13  -7.440584
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               1.833419e-14  -7.661802
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              3.403770e-15  -7.875134
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        1.816991e-17  -8.504934
## severe_asthma=Yes                   1.033506e-18  -8.831425
## smoking_status=former smokers       7.812822e-19  -8.862659
## education=tertiary                  4.278310e-20  -9.180817
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        8.424797e-22  -9.594594
## XCOPD=Yes                           5.652809e-23  -9.869353
## Cough=Yes                           5.689464e-24 -10.097109
## dyspenea=Yes                        7.798315e-31 -11.545284
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        5.694981e-31 -11.572279
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                4.888177e-31 -11.585376
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       1.092237e-32 -11.906693
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        8.551560e-46 -14.204825
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       1.537994e-56 -15.844352
## Breathlessness=Yes                  1.636908e-81 -19.122615
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        1.026574e-86 -19.737539
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     4.337466e-192 -29.564017
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      2.438298e-198 -30.046328
## 
## $`1`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## dyspenea=Yes                       30.322581 44.479495 14.995163 1.333168e-41
## XCOPD=Yes                          36.131387 31.230284  8.835859 8.480616e-35
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               28.035320 40.063091 14.608191 1.374801e-32
## education=tertiary                 27.577320 33.753943 12.512093 5.634494e-26
## Breathlessness=Yes                 16.131285 72.870662 46.178652 3.504389e-24
## Cough=Yes                          19.065191 48.895899 26.217349 5.355394e-20
## smoking_status=current smoker      27.675277 23.659306  8.739116 9.804489e-18
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       20.553360 32.807571 16.317317 1.494267e-14
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       15.403226 60.252366 39.987101 1.721230e-14
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       13.249870 80.126183 61.818768 1.747210e-13
## familial_allergy=No                13.228089 76.656151 59.238955 6.996973e-12
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            19.739696 28.706625 14.866172 1.831257e-11
## smoking_status=former smokers      14.547038 52.681388 37.020316 2.193661e-09
## gina_control=uncontrolled          18.852459 21.766562 11.802644 9.193565e-08
## severe_asthma=Yes                  18.320611 22.712934 12.673331 1.538299e-07
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              21.621622 15.141956  7.158981 1.897180e-07
## spt_any=No                         14.618644 43.533123 30.441793 2.050185e-07
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       22.085890 11.356467  5.256369 4.891378e-06
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           20.512821  7.570978  3.772976 7.527820e-04
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     11.925043 44.164038 37.858755 1.544327e-02
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 11.549708 49.842271 44.114802 3.088099e-02
## Gender=Yes                         11.148840 62.145110 56.981619 4.955780e-02
## Gender=No                           8.995502 37.854890 43.018381 4.955780e-02
## nasal_plyposis=No                   9.174841 50.157729 55.885198 3.088099e-02
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       9.185262 55.835962 62.141245 1.544327e-02
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             9.819035 92.429022 96.227024 7.527820e-04
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         9.564329 88.643533 94.743631 4.891378e-06
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  8.673469 64.353312 75.846501 1.224595e-06
## gina_control=controlled             7.142857 30.283912 43.340858 5.158326e-07
## spt_any=Yes                         8.298563 56.466877 69.558207 2.050185e-07
## severe_asthma=No                    9.047267 77.287066 87.326669 1.538299e-07
## Emergency_last_year=No              8.560606 71.293375 85.133828 1.831257e-11
## familial_allergy=Yes                5.854430 23.343849 40.761045 6.996973e-12
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         5.320946 19.873817 38.181232 1.747210e-13
## education=primary                   6.036217 28.391167 48.081264 5.598681e-14
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         6.770553 39.747634 60.012899 1.721230e-14
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         8.208092 67.192429 83.682683 1.494267e-14
## Cough=No                            7.080420 51.104101 73.782651 5.355394e-20
## Breathlessness=No                   5.152786 27.129338 53.821348 3.504389e-24
## smoking_status=never smoker         4.458977 23.659306 54.240568 1.633376e-31
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 7.175227 59.936909 85.391809 1.374801e-32
## XCOPD=No                            7.711355 68.769716 91.164141 8.480616e-35
## dyspenea=No                         6.676783 55.520505 85.004837 1.333168e-41
##                                        v.test
## dyspenea=Yes                        13.511749
## XCOPD=Yes                           12.305314
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                11.887488
## education=tertiary                  10.540257
## Breathlessness=Yes                  10.144536
## Cough=Yes                            9.156609
## smoking_status=current smoker        8.576217
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes         7.688022
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes         7.669906
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes         7.366839
## familial_allergy=No                  6.857717
## Emergency_last_year=Yes              6.718881
## smoking_status=former smokers        5.982776
## gina_control=uncontrolled            5.341982
## severe_asthma=Yes                    5.247915
## gina_steps=step4 or 5                5.209140
## spt_any=No                           5.194729
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes         4.569393
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes             3.369597
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes       2.421814
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                   2.158603
## Gender=Yes                           1.963761
## Gender=No                           -1.963761
## nasal_plyposis=No                   -2.158603
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       -2.421814
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             -3.369597
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         -4.569393
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  -4.851616
## gina_control=controlled             -5.020328
## spt_any=Yes                         -5.194729
## severe_asthma=No                    -5.247915
## Emergency_last_year=No              -6.718881
## familial_allergy=Yes                -6.857717
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         -7.366839
## education=primary                   -7.517142
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         -7.669906
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         -7.688022
## Cough=No                            -9.156609
## Breathlessness=No                  -10.144536
## smoking_status=never smoker        -11.678931
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                -11.887488
## XCOPD=No                           -12.305314
## dyspenea=No                        -13.511749
## 
## $`2`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global       p.value
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      45.174709 90.049751 38.761690 3.136585e-190
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     44.293015 86.235489 37.858755 1.211267e-166
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       46.405229 47.097844 19.735569  5.898885e-68
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      46.003552 42.951907 18.155434  2.592617e-59
## Breathlessness=Yes                 30.377095 72.139303 46.178652  9.100042e-47
## familial_allergy=Yes               31.487342 66.003317 40.761045  2.965570e-44
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        24.717894 76.285240 60.012899  1.114023e-20
## urbanization_level=No              25.939306 59.535655 44.630764  2.873436e-16
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      38.947368 18.407960  9.190584  8.288500e-16
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       45.454545 12.437811  5.320864  5.543395e-15
## smoking_status=never smoker        24.375743 67.993367 54.240568  2.323866e-14
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             34.229829 23.217247 13.189294  2.482831e-14
## Gender=Yes                         23.089983 67.661692 56.981619  2.513163e-09
## education=primary                  23.742455 58.706468 48.081264  5.949612e-09
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        23.648649 46.434494 38.181232  4.094094e-06
## nasal_plyposis=No                  22.042701 63.349917 55.885198  3.583021e-05
## gina_steps=step3                   34.745763  6.799337  3.805224  6.902157e-05
## Cough=Yes                          24.231242 32.669983 26.217349  8.022982e-05
## severe_asthma=Yes                  26.463104 17.247098 12.673331  2.738761e-04
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              28.378378 10.447761  7.158981  8.399671e-04
## gina_control=partially controlled  21.567218 49.751244 44.856498  7.242343e-03
## household_damage=Yes               24.390244 14.925373 11.899387  1.248138e-02
## household_damage=No                18.777452 85.074627 88.100613  1.248138e-02
## gina_control=controlled            17.187500 38.308458 43.340858  5.340899e-03
## smoking_status=current smoker      11.808118  5.306799  8.739116  4.978713e-04
## severe_asthma=No                   18.426883 82.752902 87.326669  2.738761e-04
## Cough=No                           17.744755 67.330017 73.782651  8.022982e-05
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 16.154971 36.650083 44.114802  3.583021e-05
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       16.849244 53.565506 61.818768  4.094094e-06
## smoking_status=former smokers      14.024390 26.699834 37.020316  2.705003e-09
## Gender=No                          14.617691 32.338308 43.018381  2.513163e-09
## education=tertiary                  6.958763  4.477612 12.512093  2.757149e-13
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        17.983651 87.562189 94.679136  5.543395e-15
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       17.471591 81.592040 90.809416  8.288500e-16
## urbanization_level=Yes             14.210833 40.464345 55.369236  2.873436e-16
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       11.532258 23.714760 39.987101  1.114023e-20
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 15.263605 59.535655 75.846501  1.683461e-23
## familial_allergy=No                11.159499 33.996683 59.238955  2.965570e-44
## Breathlessness=No                  10.065908 27.860697 53.821348  9.100042e-47
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       13.553980 57.048093 81.844566  2.592617e-59
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        12.816392 52.902156 80.264431  5.898885e-68
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       4.307213 13.764511 62.141245 1.211267e-166
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        3.159558  9.950249 61.238310 3.136585e-190
##                                        v.test
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       29.419023
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      27.513476
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        17.419207
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       16.240861
## Breathlessness=Yes                  14.360928
## familial_allergy=Yes                13.954213
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No          9.324601
## urbanization_level=No                8.178523
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes        8.049866
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes         7.813925
## smoking_status=never smoker          7.631306
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2               7.622773
## Gender=Yes                           5.960598
## education=primary                    5.818168
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No          4.606548
## nasal_plyposis=No                    4.132844
## gina_steps=step3                     3.979634
## Cough=Yes                            3.943713
## severe_asthma=Yes                    3.638833
## gina_steps=step4 or 5                3.339277
## gina_control=partially controlled    2.685491
## household_damage=Yes                 2.498234
## household_damage=No                 -2.498234
## gina_control=controlled             -2.785720
## smoking_status=current smoker       -3.481899
## severe_asthma=No                    -3.638833
## Cough=No                            -3.943713
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  -4.132844
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        -4.606548
## smoking_status=former smokers       -5.948567
## Gender=No                           -5.960598
## education=tertiary                  -7.305755
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         -7.813925
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        -8.049866
## urbanization_level=Yes              -8.178523
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        -9.324601
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  -9.990139
## familial_allergy=No                -13.954213
## Breathlessness=No                  -14.360928
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       -16.240861
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        -17.419207
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -27.513476
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -29.419023
## 
## $`3`
##                                       Cla/Mod     Mod/Cla    Global
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       37.7040548 100.0000000 61.238310
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      37.1562013 100.0000000 62.141245
## Breathlessness=No                  36.8484122  85.8938547 53.821348
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        28.7665729 100.0000000 80.264431
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       28.0929866  99.5810056 81.844566
## familial_allergy=No                30.5933587  78.4916201 59.238955
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       34.1935484  59.2178771 39.987101
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       25.3551136  99.7206704 90.809416
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                26.1706949  96.7877095 85.391809
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 26.8707483  88.2681564 75.846501
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        24.3869210 100.0000000 94.679136
## urbanization_level=Yes             28.8293535  69.1340782 55.369236
## dyspenea=No                        25.5311077  93.9944134 85.004837
## Cough=No                           26.3986014  84.3575419 73.782651
## smoking_status=former smokers      30.3135889  48.6033520 37.020316
## Gender=No                          28.7106447  53.4916201 43.018381
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       26.6562337  71.3687151 61.818768
## XCOPD=No                           24.4074991  96.3687151 91.164141
## education=tertiary                 35.5670103  19.2737430 12.512093
## spt_any=Yes                        25.5910987  77.0949721 69.558207
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            23.7600536  99.0223464 96.227024
## severe_asthma=No                   24.4091581  92.3184358 87.326669
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        24.6242775  89.2458101 83.682683
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 26.7543860  51.1173184 44.114802
## household_damage=No                23.9385066  91.3407821 88.100613
## gina_control=controlled            25.3720238  47.6256983 43.340858
## smoking_status=current smoker      29.5202952  11.1731844  8.739116
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  24.2986425  75.0000000 71.267333
## education=secondary                25.4500818  43.4357542 39.406643
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   20.0897868  25.0000000 28.732667
## gina_steps=step3                   12.7118644   2.0949721  3.805224
## household_damage=Yes               16.8021680   8.6592179 11.899387
## gina_control=uncontrolled          15.5737705   7.9608939 11.802644
## nasal_plyposis=No                  20.1961916  48.8826816 55.885198
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              11.2612613   3.4916201  7.158981
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       15.2173913  10.7541899 16.317317
## severe_asthma=Yes                  13.9949109   7.6815642 12.673331
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            5.9829060   0.9776536  3.772976
## spt_any=No                         17.3728814  22.9050279 30.441793
## XCOPD=Yes                           9.4890511   3.6312849  8.835859
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        17.3141892  28.6312849 38.181232
## Gender=Yes                         18.8455008  46.5083799 56.981619
## education=primary                  17.9074447  37.2905028 48.081264
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             10.7579462   6.1452514 13.189294
## Cough=Yes                          13.7761378  15.6424581 26.217349
## dyspenea=Yes                        9.2473118   6.0055866 14.995163
## urbanization_level=No              15.9682081  30.8659218 44.630764
## smoking_status=never smoker        17.1224732  40.2234637 54.240568
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        0.0000000   0.0000000  5.320864
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                5.0772627   3.2122905 14.608191
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       0.7017544   0.2793296  9.190584
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        15.6904890  40.7821229 60.012899
## familial_allergy=Yes               12.1835443  21.5083799 40.761045
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       0.5328597   0.4189944 18.155434
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        0.0000000   0.0000000 19.735569
## Breathlessness=Yes                  7.0530726  14.1061453 46.178652
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      0.0000000   0.0000000 37.858755
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       0.0000000   0.0000000 38.761690
##                                          p.value     v.test
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       6.116849e-182  28.763634
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      3.063222e-176  28.304256
## Breathlessness=No                   5.297839e-94  20.568122
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         8.410963e-80  18.916062
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        2.094540e-66  17.213741
## familial_allergy=No                 7.659329e-35  12.313535
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        1.700874e-32  11.869695
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        2.310110e-31  11.649425
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 8.410679e-29  11.135674
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  8.313652e-21   9.355587
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         3.932555e-20   9.189887
## urbanization_level=Yes              1.268301e-17   8.546543
## dyspenea=No                         9.276122e-17   8.313703
## Cough=No                            2.612096e-14   7.616221
## smoking_status=former smokers       4.637228e-13   7.235528
## Gender=No                           1.330195e-10   6.423679
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        1.227670e-09   6.076587
## XCOPD=No                            1.321181e-09   6.064800
## education=tertiary                  2.356928e-09   5.971077
## spt_any=Yes                         3.668195e-07   5.085417
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             5.132811e-07   5.021281
## severe_asthma=No                    1.717582e-06   4.784096
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         1.966228e-06   4.756865
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  1.796938e-05   4.288735
## household_damage=No                 1.726307e-03   3.133677
## gina_control=controlled             8.516696e-03   2.630869
## smoking_status=current smoker       1.029353e-02   2.565810
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   1.124696e-02   2.534931
## education=secondary                 1.222106e-02   2.505696
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    1.124696e-02  -2.534931
## gina_steps=step3                    4.207151e-03  -2.862197
## household_damage=Yes                1.726307e-03  -3.133677
## gina_control=uncontrolled           1.715297e-04  -3.757631
## nasal_plyposis=No                   1.796938e-05  -4.288735
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               3.620822e-06  -4.632039
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        1.966228e-06  -4.756865
## severe_asthma=Yes                   1.717582e-06  -4.784096
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            5.132811e-07  -5.021281
## spt_any=No                          3.668195e-07  -5.085417
## XCOPD=Yes                           1.321181e-09  -6.064800
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         1.227670e-09  -6.076587
## Gender=Yes                          1.330195e-10  -6.423679
## education=primary                   3.674880e-11  -6.616627
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              1.075961e-11  -6.795957
## Cough=Yes                           2.612096e-14  -7.616221
## dyspenea=Yes                        9.276122e-17  -8.313703
## urbanization_level=No               1.268301e-17  -8.546543
## smoking_status=never smoker         1.000785e-17  -8.573854
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        3.932555e-20  -9.189887
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                8.410679e-29 -11.135674
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       2.310110e-31 -11.649425
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         1.700874e-32 -11.869695
## familial_allergy=Yes                7.659329e-35 -12.313535
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       2.094540e-66 -17.213741
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        8.410963e-80 -18.916062
## Breathlessness=Yes                  5.297839e-94 -20.568122
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     3.063222e-176 -28.304256
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      6.116849e-182 -28.763634
## 
## $`4`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## Breathlessness=Yes                 15.782123 87.596899 46.178652 1.050427e-47
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      16.389351 76.356589 38.761690 1.213196e-37
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     16.013629 72.868217 37.858755 9.924401e-33
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      18.472469 40.310078 18.155434 2.227857e-18
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       15.196078 36.046512 19.735569 1.506594e-10
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               16.556291 29.069767 14.608191 3.668794e-10
## gina_control=uncontrolled          14.207650 20.155039 11.802644 5.443568e-05
## Gender=No                          10.419790 53.875969 43.018381 2.601911e-04
## familial_allergy=Yes               10.363924 50.775194 40.761045 7.099288e-04
## smoking_status=never smoker         9.690844 63.178295 54.240568 2.507966e-03
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       15.151515  9.689922  5.320864 2.822707e-03
## education=primary                   9.859155 56.976744 48.081264 2.869945e-03
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   10.662177 36.821705 28.732667 3.344065e-03
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             12.224939 19.379845 13.189294 3.477925e-03
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  9.941520 52.713178 44.114802 3.865166e-03
## spt_any=Yes                         9.040334 75.581395 69.558207 2.618199e-02
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      11.929825 13.178295  9.190584 2.698563e-02
## urbanization_level=No               9.537572 51.162791 44.630764 2.820114e-02
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         8.543227 97.286822 94.743631 4.419890e-02
## dyspenea=No                         8.725341 89.147287 85.004837 4.605953e-02
## dyspenea=Yes                        6.021505 10.852713 14.995163 4.605953e-02
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        4.294479  2.713178  5.256369 4.419890e-02
## urbanization_level=Yes              7.338381 48.837209 55.369236 2.820114e-02
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        7.954545 86.821705 90.809416 2.698563e-02
## spt_any=No                          6.673729 24.418605 30.441793 2.618199e-02
## education=tertiary                  5.154639  7.751938 12.512093 1.170617e-02
## smoking_status=current smoker       4.059041  4.263566  8.739116 4.399601e-03
## nasal_plyposis=No                   7.039815 47.286822 55.885198 3.865166e-03
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  7.482993 68.217054 75.846501 3.626517e-03
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   7.375566 63.178295 71.267333 3.344065e-03
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         7.935967 90.310078 94.679136 2.822707e-03
## familial_allergy=No                 6.913446 49.224806 59.238955 7.099288e-04
## Gender=Yes                          6.734578 46.124031 56.981619 2.601911e-04
## gina_control=controlled             5.877976 30.620155 43.340858 1.283140e-05
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 6.910876 70.930233 85.391809 3.668794e-10
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         6.629168 63.953488 80.264431 1.506594e-10
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        6.067770 59.689922 81.844566 2.227857e-18
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       3.632590 27.131783 62.141245 9.924401e-33
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        3.212217 23.643411 61.238310 1.213196e-37
## Breathlessness=No                   1.917316 12.403101 53.821348 1.050427e-47
##                                        v.test
## Breathlessness=Yes                  14.509789
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       12.823364
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      11.914682
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes        8.745116
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes         6.404706
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                 6.267505
## gina_control=uncontrolled            4.035718
## Gender=No                            3.652015
## familial_allergy=Yes                 3.385716
## smoking_status=never smoker          3.022379
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes         2.986413
## education=primary                    2.981335
## Ever_rhinitis=No                     2.934202
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2               2.921999
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                   2.888961
## spt_any=Yes                          2.223502
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes        2.211726
## urbanization_level=No                2.194477
## Hosptalization_last_year=No          2.012200
## dyspenea=No                          1.994847
## dyspenea=Yes                        -1.994847
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        -2.012200
## urbanization_level=Yes              -2.194477
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        -2.211726
## spt_any=No                          -2.223502
## education=tertiary                  -2.520880
## smoking_status=current smoker       -2.847992
## nasal_plyposis=No                   -2.888961
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  -2.908944
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   -2.934202
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         -2.986413
## familial_allergy=No                 -3.385716
## Gender=Yes                          -3.652015
## gina_control=controlled             -4.362961
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 -6.267505
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         -6.404706
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        -8.745116
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -11.914682
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -12.823364
## Breathlessness=No                  -14.509789
## 
## $`5`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     27.768313 74.429224 37.858755 1.613554e-63
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      27.121464 74.429224 38.761690 2.400428e-60
## Breathlessness=Yes                 21.298883 69.634703 46.178652 1.295850e-26
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       28.594771 39.954338 19.735569 1.712877e-26
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      34.035088 22.146119  9.190584 2.148816e-19
## spt_any=No                         22.881356 49.315068 30.441793 3.600131e-19
## dyspenea=Yes                       27.526882 29.223744 14.995163 9.296215e-17
## Cough=Yes                          22.878229 42.465753 26.217349 1.244716e-15
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       26.284585 30.365297 16.317317 1.339483e-15
## urbanization_level=No              19.291908 60.958904 44.630764 1.435331e-13
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      24.333925 31.278539 18.155434 4.528579e-13
## XCOPD=Yes                          28.832117 18.036530  8.835859 2.823776e-11
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               23.841060 24.657534 14.608191 1.575431e-09
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           35.897436  9.589041  3.772976 1.791912e-09
## severe_asthma=Yes                  23.409669 21.004566 12.673331 1.072999e-07
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       29.090909 10.958904  5.320864 2.983542e-07
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       17.983871 50.913242 39.987101 6.115324e-07
## smoking_status=former smokers      17.770035 46.575342 37.020316 1.015279e-05
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             20.782396 19.406393 13.189294 7.439410e-05
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              23.423423 11.872146  7.158981 1.134022e-04
## gina_control=partially controlled  16.678648 52.968037 44.856498 2.434272e-04
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            19.305857 20.319635 14.866172 8.354263e-04
## gina_control=uncontrolled          18.852459 15.753425 11.802644 7.484030e-03
## household_damage=No                14.641288 91.324201 88.100613 2.096521e-02
## household_damage=Yes               10.298103  8.675799 11.899387 2.096521e-02
## education=primary                  12.340711 42.009132 48.081264 6.020154e-03
## Emergency_last_year=No             13.219697 79.680365 85.133828 8.354263e-04
## smoking_status=never smoker        11.593341 44.520548 54.240568 1.120243e-05
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        11.552929 49.086758 60.012899 6.115324e-07
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        13.283379 89.041096 94.679136 2.983542e-07
## severe_asthma=No                   12.776957 78.995434 87.326669 1.072999e-07
## gina_control=controlled            10.193452 31.278539 43.340858 2.633633e-08
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 11.989796 64.383562 75.846501 5.539806e-09
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            13.270777 90.410959 96.227024 1.791912e-09
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                12.462236 75.342466 85.391809 1.575431e-09
## XCOPD=No                           12.698974 81.963470 91.164141 2.823776e-11
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       11.859732 68.721461 81.844566 4.528579e-13
## urbanization_level=Yes              9.959231 39.041096 55.369236 1.435331e-13
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        11.753372 69.634703 83.682683 1.339483e-15
## Cough=No                           11.013986 57.534247 73.782651 1.244716e-15
## dyspenea=No                        11.760243 70.776256 85.004837 9.296215e-17
## spt_any=Yes                        10.292072 50.684932 69.558207 3.600131e-19
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       12.109375 77.853881 90.809416 2.148816e-19
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        10.566493 60.045662 80.264431 1.712877e-26
## Breathlessness=No                   7.968844 30.365297 53.821348 1.295850e-26
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        5.897841 25.570776 61.238310 2.400428e-60
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       5.812143 25.570776 62.141245 1.613554e-63
##                                        v.test
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      16.824523
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       16.386186
## Breathlessness=Yes                  10.677595
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        10.651657
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes        9.005400
## spt_any=No                           8.948602
## dyspenea=Yes                         8.313446
## Cough=Yes                            7.999948
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes         7.990908
## urbanization_level=No                7.393018
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes        7.238744
## XCOPD=Yes                            6.655480
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                 6.036448
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes             6.015628
## severe_asthma=Yes                    5.313906
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes         5.124484
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes         4.987539
## smoking_status=former smokers        4.413894
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2               3.961777
## gina_steps=step4 or 5                3.859967
## gina_control=partially controlled    3.669078
## Emergency_last_year=Yes              3.340783
## gina_control=uncontrolled            2.674502
## household_damage=No                  2.308610
## household_damage=Yes                -2.308610
## education=primary                   -2.746682
## Emergency_last_year=No              -3.340783
## smoking_status=never smoker         -4.392559
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         -4.987539
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         -5.124484
## severe_asthma=No                    -5.313906
## gina_control=controlled             -5.564196
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  -5.830088
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             -6.015628
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 -6.036448
## XCOPD=No                            -6.655480
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        -7.238744
## urbanization_level=Yes              -7.393018
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         -7.990908
## Cough=No                            -7.999948
## dyspenea=No                         -8.313446
## spt_any=Yes                         -8.948602
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        -9.005400
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        -10.651657
## Breathlessness=No                  -10.677595
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -16.386186
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -16.824523
## 
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the quantitative variables
## ================================================================
##                            Eta2       P-value
## Age                 0.479239925  0.000000e+00
## onset_age_asthma    0.437962153  0.000000e+00
## FeNO                0.449199531  0.000000e+00
## pack_years          0.287135962 2.384454e-224
## Eosinophiles        0.212959499 5.138299e-158
## kco                 0.199113630 2.441463e-146
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 0.176764343 6.427509e-128
## Reversibility       0.165021090 1.916978e-118
## tlco                0.158407565 3.616631e-113
## BMI                 0.097051402  3.422019e-66
## Monocytes           0.080481222  4.312290e-54
## Neutrophiles        0.078375580  1.428296e-52
## Basophiles          0.064112972  2.218890e-42
## pd20                0.053186248  1.063908e-34
## Lymphocytes         0.006675664  9.067834e-04
## 
## Description of each cluster by quantitative variables
## =====================================================
## $`0`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  17.337412     8.308009e-01 7.832420e-01   5.582802e-02
## tlco                 12.093427     1.074497e+02 9.981259e+01   1.374880e+01
## kco                  11.389221     1.027260e+02 9.737797e+01   1.192846e+01
## Lymphocytes          -2.608296     1.909493e+00 1.962441e+00   5.240101e-01
## pd20                 -4.882120     1.925944e+03 2.320957e+03   2.787757e+03
## Basophiles           -8.931965     1.539662e-02 2.780071e-02   3.419716e-02
## FeNO                 -9.144006     1.758843e+01 2.306080e+01   9.236737e+00
## Eosinophiles         -9.343632     1.569051e-01 2.004192e-01   1.084675e-01
## Neutrophiles         -9.697860     3.348349e+00 3.757449e+00   1.129812e+00
## Reversibility       -10.084286     3.835753e+00 5.948107e+00   3.284065e+00
## Monocytes           -10.277054     3.706502e-01 4.195937e-01   1.238128e-01
## BMI                 -12.383841     2.480887e+01 2.661552e+01   3.853377e+00
## pack_years          -17.997089     3.750762e+00 1.128550e+01   3.974675e+00
## onset_age_asthma    -18.736177     2.644993e+00 1.277169e+01   7.058375e+00
## Age                 -25.533561     3.800260e+01 5.047952e+01   1.078445e+01
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02  2.455450e-67
## tlco                2.019103e+01  1.144122e-33
## kco                 1.501340e+01  4.731985e-30
## Lymphocytes         6.490450e-01  9.099415e-03
## pd20                2.586920e+03  1.049511e-06
## Basophiles          4.440150e-02  4.185080e-19
## FeNO                1.913459e+01  6.018065e-20
## Eosinophiles        1.488999e-01  9.308462e-21
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00  3.078874e-22
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00  6.483508e-24
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01  8.941877e-25
## BMI                 4.664452e+00  3.196695e-35
## pack_years          1.338584e+01  2.053327e-72
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01  2.510303e-78
## Age                 1.562341e+01 8.360935e-144
## 
## $`1`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## pack_years           23.576424     2.808312e+01 1.128550e+01   1.879693e+01
## Age                  17.180756     6.476656e+01 5.047952e+01   9.041915e+00
## onset_age_asthma     15.630216     2.714826e+01 1.277169e+01   2.123193e+01
## Neutrophiles         12.288396     4.639621e+00 3.757449e+00   1.621298e+00
## Monocytes            11.960691     5.165300e-01 4.195937e-01   1.954771e-01
## BMI                  10.573312     2.924056e+01 2.661552e+01   5.279550e+00
## Basophiles            9.353236     4.990536e-02 2.780071e-02   5.258903e-02
## pd20                  4.237466     2.904420e+03 2.320957e+03   2.150745e+03
## Lymphocytes           4.016592     2.101199e+00 1.962441e+00   7.089703e-01
## Reversibility         3.048378     7.034769e+00 5.948107e+00   8.027841e+00
## Eosinophiles          2.705492     2.218612e-01 2.004192e-01   1.318325e-01
## FeNO                 -4.892730     1.807776e+01 2.306080e+01   1.212638e+01
## tlco                -12.971443     8.587233e+01 9.981259e+01   1.786710e+01
## kco                 -13.316756     8.673650e+01 9.737797e+01   1.517285e+01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -15.023526     7.131089e-01 7.832420e-01   1.156789e-01
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## pack_years          1.338584e+01 6.727853e-123
## Age                 1.562341e+01  3.700565e-66
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01  4.532632e-55
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00  1.045599e-34
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01  5.708479e-33
## BMI                 4.664452e+00  3.962492e-26
## Basophiles          4.440150e-02  8.500592e-21
## pd20                2.586920e+03  2.260564e-05
## Lymphocytes         6.490450e-01  5.904570e-05
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00  2.300801e-03
## Eosinophiles        1.488999e-01  6.820330e-03
## FeNO                1.913459e+01  9.944666e-07
## tlco                2.019103e+01  1.776549e-38
## kco                 1.501340e+01  1.849726e-40
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02  5.149385e-51
## 
## $`2`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## kco                  12.391022     1.041785e+02 9.737797e+01   1.431003e+01
## tlco                  7.670168     1.054739e+02 9.981259e+01   1.493185e+01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post   3.912786     7.957870e-01 7.832420e-01   8.582931e-02
## onset_age_asthma      3.039103     1.469154e+01 1.277169e+01   1.201634e+01
## Reversibility         2.209226     6.488984e+00 5.948107e+00   5.977188e+00
## Basophiles           -2.241459     2.416252e-02 2.780071e-02   4.230608e-02
## BMI                  -2.978357     2.610768e+01 2.661552e+01   4.617137e+00
## Eosinophiles         -4.031651     1.784743e-01 2.004192e-01   1.156150e-01
## pd20                 -4.999489     1.848170e+03 2.320957e+03   2.537685e+03
## Monocytes            -5.239165     3.904312e-01 4.195937e-01   1.297842e-01
## FeNO                 -5.251380     1.938756e+01 2.306080e+01   9.615339e+00
## pack_years           -9.344337     6.713031e+00 1.128550e+01   1.129113e+01
## Age                 -17.530015     4.046766e+01 5.047952e+01   1.302963e+01
##                       Overall sd      p.value
## kco                 1.501340e+01 2.922960e-35
## tlco                2.019103e+01 1.717719e-14
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02 9.123731e-05
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01 2.372835e-03
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00 2.715891e-02
## Basophiles          4.440150e-02 2.499634e-02
## BMI                 4.664452e+00 2.897983e-03
## Eosinophiles        1.488999e-01 5.538648e-05
## pd20                2.586920e+03 5.748256e-07
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01 1.613046e-07
## FeNO                1.913459e+01 1.509635e-07
## pack_years          1.338584e+01 9.246685e-21
## Age                 1.562341e+01 8.454732e-69
## 
## $`3`
##                      v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## Age               20.940636     6.120391e+01 5.047952e+01   1.006836e+01
## pd20              10.155882     3.182164e+03 2.320957e+03   2.824223e+03
## pack_years         6.706068     1.422803e+01 1.128550e+01   1.086661e+01
## Monocytes          3.816963     4.386453e-01 4.195937e-01   1.417054e-01
## Basophiles        -2.778288     2.375698e-02 2.780071e-02   4.090105e-02
## Eosinophiles      -4.544023     1.782402e-01 2.004192e-01   1.075566e-01
## FeNO              -5.087744     1.986962e+01 2.306080e+01   1.006062e+01
## Reversibility     -8.952966     3.982598e+00 5.948107e+00   4.457311e+00
## tlco             -11.453183     9.223220e+01 9.981259e+01   1.234813e+01
## kco              -15.731394     8.963597e+01 9.737797e+01   1.186976e+01
## onset_age_asthma -20.169496     1.346369e+00 1.277169e+01   6.188169e+00
##                    Overall sd      p.value
## Age                15.6234094 2.283907e-97
## pd20             2586.9202764 3.119757e-24
## pack_years         13.3858429 1.999392e-11
## Monocytes           0.1522671 1.351042e-04
## Basophiles          0.0444015 5.464617e-03
## Eosinophiles        0.1488999 5.519051e-06
## FeNO               19.1345916 3.623474e-07
## Reversibility       6.6973257 3.460570e-19
## tlco               20.1910322 2.266664e-30
## kco                15.0134018 9.216023e-56
## onset_age_asthma   17.2809024 1.814799e-90
## 
## $`4`
##                        v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## FeNO                37.123331     6.541182e+01 2.306080e+01   3.472952e+01
## Eosinophiles        24.690781     4.196124e-01 2.004192e-01   2.527796e-01
## Reversibility       19.693005     1.381152e+01 5.948107e+00   1.127481e+01
## onset_age_asthma     8.531806     2.156202e+01 1.277169e+01   1.788264e+01
## tlco                 8.108144     1.095732e+02 9.981259e+01   4.248197e+01
## kco                  6.582396     1.032699e+02 9.737797e+01   1.420292e+01
## Basophiles           6.467751     4.492248e-02 2.780071e-02   5.152137e-02
## Age                 -1.967016     4.864729e+01 5.047952e+01   1.472367e+01
## pack_years          -2.710664     9.122190e+00 1.128550e+01   9.177746e+00
## Neutrophiles        -3.086830     3.509225e+00 3.757449e+00   1.142630e+00
## pd20                -5.837406     1.420629e+03 2.320957e+03   1.619806e+03
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -7.129559     7.459610e-01 7.832420e-01   9.534686e-02
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## FeNO                1.913459e+01 1.181178e-301
## Eosinophiles        1.488999e-01 1.343412e-134
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00  2.475581e-86
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01  1.440803e-17
## tlco                2.019103e+01  5.139878e-16
## kco                 1.501340e+01  4.629264e-11
## Basophiles          4.440150e-02  9.947213e-11
## Age                 1.562341e+01  4.918139e-02
## pack_years          1.338584e+01  6.714873e-03
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00  2.023033e-03
## pd20                2.586920e+03  5.301975e-09
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02  1.006910e-12
## 
## $`5`
##                        v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## onset_age_asthma    23.821373      31.00228311  12.77168655    18.02262643
## Age                 12.859064      59.37671233  50.47952273    10.46158907
## BMI                  9.203802      28.51675866  26.61552466     5.04409457
## pack_years           6.461993      15.11621689  11.28550145    14.23767899
## Neutrophiles         5.402326       4.08013699   3.75744921     1.33447627
## Basophiles           3.719261       0.03511416   0.02780071     0.04739189
## Monocytes            2.975368       0.43965753   0.41959368     0.17362933
## Reversibility        2.558108       6.70683837   5.94810721     6.56032288
## kco                 -2.804973      95.51298630  97.37797170    15.18505709
## tlco                -5.000204      95.34149550  99.81259097    15.71380109
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -8.337979       0.75085613   0.78324199     0.09124828
##                      Overall sd       p.value
## onset_age_asthma    17.28090242 2.005940e-125
## Age                 15.62340943  7.649758e-38
## BMI                  4.66445192  3.455033e-20
## pack_years          13.38584294  1.033328e-10
## Neutrophiles         1.34875804  6.578226e-08
## Basophiles           0.04440150  1.998061e-04
## Monocytes            0.15226706  2.926371e-03
## Reversibility        6.69732567  1.052435e-02
## kco                 15.01340179  5.032083e-03
## tlco                20.19103220  5.726963e-07
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  0.08770554  7.557111e-17

1.4.3 Radar Plots

radar_plot(labeled_original_data = results_cluster_data, clusters = results_cluster_data$clusters)

1.4.4 parallel box plots

1.4.5 parallel coordinate plot

1.5 Deep Empedding Clustering on the encoded data 4 clusters

1.5.1 Summary table

# results_Kam <- get_ClusterResults(OriginalData = my_imp_data, Labels = kamRes$finalMemb)
table_result <- tableby(clusters ~ ., data = as.list(results_cluster_data))
summary(table_result, title = "Charachtaristcs of Clusters")  
Charachtaristcs of Clusters
0 (N=672) 1 (N=815) 2 (N=830) 3 (N=784) Total (N=3101) p value
Age < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 62.469 (10.279) 38.910 (11.631) 61.171 (10.414) 40.911 (12.049) 50.480 (15.626)
   Range 18.000 - 86.000 17.000 - 76.000 20.000 - 97.000 17.000 - 77.000 17.000 - 97.000
Gender < 0.001
   No 272 (40.5%) 353 (43.3%) 433 (52.2%) 276 (35.2%) 1334 (43.0%)
   Yes 400 (59.5%) 462 (56.7%) 397 (47.8%) 508 (64.8%) 1767 (57.0%)
BMI < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 28.261 (4.847) 24.962 (4.018) 27.143 (4.405) 26.365 (4.815) 26.616 (4.665)
   Range 17.603 - 50.058 16.975 - 44.816 17.296 - 48.870 16.534 - 48.919 16.534 - 50.058
age at asthma onset as numeeric variable < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 35.225 (18.195) 2.526 (6.884) 3.659 (10.386) 13.824 (10.221) 12.772 (17.284)
   Range -1.000 - 72.000 -1.000 - 46.000 -1.000 - 70.000 -1.000 - 57.000 -1.000 - 72.000
Cough < 0.001
   No 388 (57.7%) 695 (85.3%) 672 (81.0%) 533 (68.0%) 2288 (73.8%)
   Yes 284 (42.3%) 120 (14.7%) 158 (19.0%) 251 (32.0%) 813 (26.2%)
Breathlessness < 0.001
   No 179 (26.6%) 661 (81.1%) 646 (77.8%) 183 (23.3%) 1669 (53.8%)
   Yes 493 (73.4%) 154 (18.9%) 184 (22.2%) 601 (76.7%) 1432 (46.2%)
Recurrent_wheeze < 0.001
   No 453 (67.4%) 786 (96.4%) 763 (91.9%) 646 (82.4%) 2648 (85.4%)
   Yes 219 (32.6%) 29 (3.6%) 67 (8.1%) 138 (17.6%) 453 (14.6%)
dyspenea < 0.001
   No 418 (62.2%) 786 (96.4%) 759 (91.4%) 673 (85.8%) 2636 (85.0%)
   Yes 254 (37.8%) 29 (3.6%) 71 (8.6%) 111 (14.2%) 465 (15.0%)
Chronic_productive_cough < 0.001
   No 437 (65.0%) 777 (95.3%) 719 (86.6%) 662 (84.4%) 2595 (83.7%)
   Yes 235 (35.0%) 38 (4.7%) 111 (13.4%) 122 (15.6%) 506 (16.3%)
FEV1_FVC_ratio_post < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.726 (0.109) 0.828 (0.057) 0.775 (0.078) 0.795 (0.072) 0.783 (0.088)
   Range 0.259 - 1.590 0.596 - 1.180 0.230 - 1.009 0.524 - 1.009 0.230 - 1.590
Reversibility < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 9.223 (9.522) 3.794 (3.383) 4.575 (5.395) 6.834 (6.358) 5.948 (6.698)
   Range -12.121 - 77.242 -12.603 - 21.905 -6.583 - 43.223 -26.774 - 53.704 -26.774 - 77.242
pd20 < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 2615.333 (2082.149) 2030.371 (2867.315) 3006.962 (2672.929) 1644.455 (2357.504) 2320.957 (2587.337)
   Range -3701.250 - 13923.750 -26261.250 - 25908.750 0.000 - 38775.000 -6521.250 - 38775.000 -26261.250 - 38775.000
tlco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 90.225 (15.728) 108.402 (24.278) 91.151 (14.367) 108.271 (16.261) 99.813 (20.194)
   Range 44.477 - 139.574 72.472 - 680.093 44.453 - 264.519 77.415 - 389.709 44.453 - 680.093
kco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 91.369 (15.425) 102.758 (12.164) 88.826 (12.490) 105.989 (12.527) 97.378 (15.016)
   Range 40.972 - 139.418 28.161 - 139.983 47.025 - 141.410 60.955 - 149.720 28.161 - 149.720
FeNO < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 28.575 (26.771) 18.557 (12.048) 20.945 (13.512) 25.256 (20.854) 23.061 (19.138)
   Range 4.300 - 203.000 0.000 - 119.000 3.400 - 138.000 3.300 - 226.000 0.000 - 226.000
Eosinophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.253 (0.177) 0.163 (0.136) 0.193 (0.126) 0.202 (0.145) 0.200 (0.149)
   Range 0.000 - 1.200 0.000 - 2.300 0.000 - 0.900 0.000 - 1.200 0.000 - 2.300
Neutrophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 4.193 (1.460) 3.378 (1.149) 3.893 (1.401) 3.635 (1.257) 3.757 (1.349)
   Range 1.300 - 12.500 0.700 - 10.000 1.500 - 11.500 1.000 - 10.600 0.700 - 12.500
Lymphocyties 0.001
   Mean (SD) 2.013 (0.815) 1.906 (0.528) 2.007 (0.673) 1.931 (0.567) 1.962 (0.649)
   Range 0.300 - 11.200 0.300 - 4.000 0.400 - 8.000 0.600 - 5.000 0.300 - 11.200
Monocytes < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.462 (0.172) 0.372 (0.124) 0.460 (0.162) 0.391 (0.127) 0.420 (0.152)
   Range 0.200 - 2.400 0.190 - 1.000 0.200 - 1.500 0.100 - 1.100 0.100 - 2.400
Basophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.042 (0.051) 0.017 (0.035) 0.028 (0.044) 0.027 (0.044) 0.028 (0.044)
   Range 0.000 - 0.300 0.000 - 0.190 0.000 - 0.250 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.300
spt_any < 0.001
   No 380 (56.5%) 190 (23.3%) 181 (21.8%) 193 (24.6%) 944 (30.4%)
   Yes 292 (43.5%) 625 (76.7%) 649 (78.2%) 591 (75.4%) 2157 (69.6%)
familial_allergy < 0.001
   No 452 (67.3%) 456 (56.0%) 649 (78.2%) 280 (35.7%) 1837 (59.2%)
   Yes 220 (32.7%) 359 (44.0%) 181 (21.8%) 504 (64.3%) 1264 (40.8%)
Drug_induced_dyspnea < 0.001
   No 623 (92.7%) 806 (98.9%) 811 (97.7%) 744 (94.9%) 2984 (96.2%)
   Yes 49 (7.3%) 9 (1.1%) 19 (2.3%) 40 (5.1%) 117 (3.8%)
nasal_plyposis < 0.001
   No 338 (50.3%) 491 (60.2%) 418 (50.4%) 486 (62.0%) 1733 (55.9%)
   Yes 334 (49.7%) 324 (39.8%) 412 (49.6%) 298 (38.0%) 1368 (44.1%)
Ever_rhinitis 0.009
   No 179 (26.6%) 261 (32.0%) 211 (25.4%) 240 (30.6%) 891 (28.7%)
   Yes 493 (73.4%) 554 (68.0%) 619 (74.6%) 544 (69.4%) 2210 (71.3%)
gina_steps < 0.001
   onlys saba or non users 404 (60.1%) 731 (89.7%) 728 (87.7%) 489 (62.4%) 2352 (75.8%)
   step 1 or 2 134 (19.9%) 52 (6.4%) 44 (5.3%) 179 (22.8%) 409 (13.2%)
   step3 36 (5.4%) 17 (2.1%) 19 (2.3%) 46 (5.9%) 118 (3.8%)
   step4 or 5 98 (14.6%) 15 (1.8%) 39 (4.7%) 70 (8.9%) 222 (7.2%)
Hosptalization_last_year < 0.001
   No 619 (92.1%) 790 (96.9%) 767 (92.4%) 762 (97.2%) 2938 (94.7%)
   Yes 53 (7.9%) 25 (3.1%) 63 (7.6%) 22 (2.8%) 163 (5.3%)
Emergency_last_year < 0.001
   No 516 (76.8%) 750 (92.0%) 690 (83.1%) 684 (87.2%) 2640 (85.1%)
   Yes 156 (23.2%) 65 (8.0%) 140 (16.9%) 100 (12.8%) 461 (14.9%)
severe_asthma < 0.001
   No 508 (75.6%) 777 (95.3%) 762 (91.8%) 661 (84.3%) 2708 (87.3%)
   Yes 164 (24.4%) 38 (4.7%) 68 (8.2%) 123 (15.7%) 393 (12.7%)
gina_control < 0.001
   controlled 179 (26.6%) 478 (58.7%) 385 (46.4%) 302 (38.5%) 1344 (43.3%)
   partially controlled 357 (53.1%) 291 (35.7%) 359 (43.3%) 384 (49.0%) 1391 (44.9%)
   uncontrolled 136 (20.2%) 46 (5.6%) 86 (10.4%) 98 (12.5%) 366 (11.8%)
education < 0.001
   primary 262 (39.0%) 476 (58.4%) 295 (35.5%) 458 (58.4%) 1491 (48.1%)
   secondary 263 (39.1%) 305 (37.4%) 359 (43.3%) 295 (37.6%) 1222 (39.4%)
   tertiary 147 (21.9%) 34 (4.2%) 176 (21.2%) 31 (4.0%) 388 (12.5%)
urbanization_level < 0.001
   No 399 (59.4%) 282 (34.6%) 261 (31.4%) 442 (56.4%) 1384 (44.6%)
   Yes 273 (40.6%) 533 (65.4%) 569 (68.6%) 342 (43.6%) 1717 (55.4%)
smoking_status < 0.001
   never smoker 258 (38.4%) 588 (72.1%) 295 (35.5%) 541 (69.0%) 1682 (54.2%)
   former smokers 343 (51.0%) 190 (23.3%) 414 (49.9%) 201 (25.6%) 1148 (37.0%)
   current smoker 71 (10.6%) 37 (4.5%) 121 (14.6%) 42 (5.4%) 271 (8.7%)
pack_years < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 20.171 (16.126) 3.873 (4.020) 17.166 (15.221) 5.150 (5.040) 11.286 (13.388)
   Range 0.000 - 111.000 0.000 - 27.000 0.000 - 112.500 0.000 - 34.000 0.000 - 112.500
smoking_exposure_at_home < 0.001
   No 195 (29.0%) 406 (49.8%) 240 (28.9%) 343 (43.8%) 1184 (38.2%)
   Yes 477 (71.0%) 409 (50.2%) 590 (71.1%) 441 (56.2%) 1917 (61.8%)
smoking_exposure_at_work < 0.001
   No 295 (43.9%) 672 (82.5%) 318 (38.3%) 576 (73.5%) 1861 (60.0%)
   Yes 377 (56.1%) 143 (17.5%) 512 (61.7%) 208 (26.5%) 1240 (40.0%)
household_damage < 0.001
   No 602 (89.6%) 692 (84.9%) 764 (92.0%) 674 (86.0%) 2732 (88.1%)
   Yes 70 (10.4%) 123 (15.1%) 66 (8.0%) 110 (14.0%) 369 (11.9%)
exertion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 176 (26.2%) 815 (100.0%) 830 (100.0%) 78 (9.9%) 1899 (61.2%)
   Yes 496 (73.8%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 706 (90.1%) 1202 (38.8%)
infection_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 173 (25.7%) 815 (100.0%) 830 (100.0%) 109 (13.9%) 1927 (62.1%)
   Yes 499 (74.3%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 675 (86.1%) 1174 (37.9%)
allergen_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 477 (71.0%) 799 (98.0%) 824 (99.3%) 438 (55.9%) 2538 (81.8%)
   Yes 195 (29.0%) 16 (2.0%) 6 (0.7%) 346 (44.1%) 563 (18.2%)
irritant_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 550 (81.8%) 813 (99.8%) 827 (99.6%) 626 (79.8%) 2816 (90.8%)
   Yes 122 (18.2%) 2 (0.2%) 3 (0.4%) 158 (20.2%) 285 (9.2%)
weather_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 426 (63.4%) 812 (99.6%) 828 (99.8%) 423 (54.0%) 2489 (80.3%)
   Yes 246 (36.6%) 3 (0.4%) 2 (0.2%) 361 (46.0%) 612 (19.7%)
emotion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 600 (89.3%) 815 (100.0%) 830 (100.0%) 691 (88.1%) 2936 (94.7%)
   Yes 72 (10.7%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 93 (11.9%) 165 (5.3%)
XCOPD < 0.001
   No 497 (74.0%) 806 (98.9%) 772 (93.0%) 752 (95.9%) 2827 (91.2%)
   Yes 175 (26.0%) 9 (1.1%) 58 (7.0%) 32 (4.1%) 274 (8.8%)

1.5.2 Charachtiristic Analysis

catdes(results_cluster_data, dim(results_cluster_data)[2])
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the categorical variables (chi-square test)
## =================================================================================
##                                  p.value df
## exertion_triggered_asthma   0.000000e+00  3
## infection_triggered_asthma  0.000000e+00  3
## Breathlessness             3.609347e-201  3
## weather_triggered_asthma   4.012776e-185  3
## allergen_triggered_asthma  2.205621e-156  3
## smoking_exposure_at_work   1.250083e-100  3
## dyspenea                    3.562300e-83  3
## smoking_status              2.665262e-76  6
## irritant_triggered_asthma   6.296259e-72  3
## XCOPD                       7.259841e-72  3
## familial_allergy            4.406266e-70  3
## gina_steps                  3.564052e-68  9
## Recurrent_wheeze            3.919089e-62  3
## spt_any                     6.897208e-60  3
## Chronic_productive_cough    1.280331e-55  3
## education                   8.752188e-55  6
## emotion_triggered_asthma    1.234757e-42  3
## urbanization_level          6.641859e-42  3
## Cough                       5.814887e-39  3
## gina_control                1.800880e-38  6
## severe_asthma               8.318435e-33  3
## smoking_exposure_at_home    6.245979e-24  3
## Emergency_last_year         9.878637e-16  3
## Gender                      9.340985e-11  3
## Drug_induced_dyspnea        2.405209e-10  3
## nasal_plyposis              4.788979e-08  3
## Hosptalization_last_year    8.628838e-08  3
## household_damage            1.494338e-05  3
## Ever_rhinitis               9.092898e-03  3
## 
## Description of each cluster by the categories
## =============================================
## $`0`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global       p.value
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     42.504259 74.255952 37.858755 1.636325e-105
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      41.264559 73.809524 38.761690  1.667342e-97
## dyspenea=Yes                       54.623656 37.797619 14.995163  3.750964e-66
## Breathlessness=Yes                 34.427374 73.363095 46.178652  1.697541e-58
## spt_any=No                         40.254237 56.547619 30.441793  3.771739e-58
## XCOPD=Yes                          63.868613 26.041667  8.835859  4.180421e-57
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               48.344371 32.589286 14.608191  2.361370e-43
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       46.442688 34.970238 16.317317  3.650372e-43
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       40.196078 36.607143 19.735569  6.007724e-32
## Cough=Yes                          34.932349 42.261905 26.217349  5.713729e-25
## severe_asthma=Yes                  41.730280 24.404762 12.673331  4.591186e-22
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       30.403226 56.101190 39.987101  1.384253e-21
## urbanization_level=No              28.829480 59.375000 44.630764  4.569262e-18
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      42.807018 18.154762  9.190584  3.217534e-17
## smoking_status=former smokers      29.878049 51.041667 37.020316  4.770906e-17
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      34.635879 29.017857 18.155434  2.772759e-15
## education=tertiary                 37.886598 21.875000 12.512093  5.227362e-15
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              44.144144 14.583333  7.158981  6.879842e-15
## gina_control=uncontrolled          37.158470 20.238095 11.802644  4.658254e-13
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            33.839479 23.214286 14.866172  4.917125e-11
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       43.636364 10.714286  5.320864  8.578891e-11
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             32.762836 19.940476 13.189294  2.143941e-08
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       24.882629 70.982143 61.818768  2.209424e-08
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           41.880342  7.291667  3.772976  5.708193e-07
## gina_control=partially controlled  25.664989 53.125000 44.856498  1.208075e-06
## familial_allergy=No                24.605335 67.261905 59.238955  1.428269e-06
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       32.515337  7.886905  5.256369  9.808050e-04
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 24.415205 49.702381 44.114802  1.016306e-03
## gina_steps=step3                   30.508475  5.357143  3.805224  2.218019e-02
## nasal_plyposis=No                  19.503751 50.297619 55.885198  1.016306e-03
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        21.068754 92.113095 94.743631  9.808050e-04
## familial_allergy=Yes               17.405063 32.738095 40.761045  1.428269e-06
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            20.878016 92.708333 96.227024  5.708193e-07
## education=primary                  17.572099 38.988095 48.081264  8.992532e-08
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        16.469595 29.017857 38.181232  2.209424e-08
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        20.435967 89.285714 94.679136  8.578891e-11
## Emergency_last_year=No             19.545455 76.785714 85.133828  4.917125e-11
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       18.794326 70.982143 81.844566  2.772759e-15
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       19.531250 81.845238 90.809416  3.217534e-17
## urbanization_level=Yes             15.899825 40.625000 55.369236  4.569262e-18
## smoking_status=never smoker        15.338882 38.392857 54.240568  1.269381e-20
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        15.851693 43.898810 60.012899  1.384253e-21
## severe_asthma=No                   18.759232 75.595238 87.326669  4.591186e-22
## gina_control=controlled            13.318452 26.636905 43.340858  8.283535e-24
## Cough=No                           16.958042 57.738095 73.782651  5.713729e-25
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 17.176871 60.119048 75.846501  4.208710e-25
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        17.115307 63.392857 80.264431  6.007724e-32
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        16.840077 65.029762 83.682683  3.650372e-43
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                17.107251 67.410714 85.391809  2.361370e-43
## XCOPD=No                           17.580474 73.958333 91.164141  4.180421e-57
## spt_any=Yes                        13.537320 43.452381 69.558207  3.771739e-58
## Breathlessness=No                  10.724985 26.636905 53.821348  1.697541e-58
## dyspenea=No                        15.857360 62.202381 85.004837  3.750964e-66
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        9.268036 26.190476 61.238310  1.667342e-97
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       8.977686 25.744048 62.141245 1.636325e-105
##                                        v.test
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      21.815978
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       20.955623
## dyspenea=Yes                        17.179971
## Breathlessness=Yes                  16.125183
## spt_any=No                          16.075787
## XCOPD=Yes                           15.926034
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                13.805497
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        13.774073
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        11.763653
## Cough=Yes                           10.320144
## severe_asthma=Yes                    9.656998
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes         9.543250
## urbanization_level=No                8.663642
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes        8.438385
## smoking_status=former smokers        8.392209
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes        7.900729
## education=tertiary                   7.821317
## gina_steps=step4 or 5                7.786670
## gina_control=uncontrolled            7.234914
## Emergency_last_year=Yes              6.573424
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes         6.490083
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2               5.599966
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes         5.594748
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes             5.000837
## gina_control=partially controlled    4.854309
## familial_allergy=No                  4.821019
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes         3.295976
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                   3.285973
## gina_steps=step3                     2.287268
## nasal_plyposis=No                   -3.285973
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         -3.295976
## familial_allergy=Yes                -4.821019
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             -5.000837
## education=primary                   -5.345988
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         -5.594748
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         -6.490083
## Emergency_last_year=No              -6.573424
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        -7.900729
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        -8.438385
## urbanization_level=Yes              -8.663642
## smoking_status=never smoker         -9.310746
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         -9.543250
## severe_asthma=No                    -9.656998
## gina_control=controlled            -10.060194
## Cough=No                           -10.320144
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users -10.349456
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        -11.763653
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        -13.774073
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                -13.805497
## XCOPD=No                           -15.926034
## spt_any=Yes                        -16.075787
## Breathlessness=No                  -16.125183
## dyspenea=No                        -17.179971
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -20.955623
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -21.815978
## 
## $`1`
##                                       Cla/Mod     Mod/Cla    Global
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       42.9173249 100.0000000 61.238310
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      42.2937208 100.0000000 62.141245
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        32.6235436  99.6319018 80.264431
## Breathlessness=No                  39.6045536  81.1042945 53.821348
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       31.4814815  98.0368098 81.844566
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        36.1096185  82.4539877 60.012899
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       28.8707386  99.7546012 90.809416
## smoking_status=never smoker        34.9583829  72.1472393 54.240568
## dyspenea=No                        29.8179059  96.4417178 85.004837
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                29.6827795  96.4417178 85.391809
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        29.9421965  95.3374233 83.682683
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 31.0799320  89.6932515 75.846501
## XCOPD=No                           28.5107888  98.8957055 91.164141
## gina_control=controlled            35.5654762  58.6503067 43.340858
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        27.7588556 100.0000000 94.679136
## Cough=No                           30.3758741  85.2760736 73.782651
## severe_asthma=No                   28.6927622  95.3374233 87.326669
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        34.2905405  49.8159509 38.181232
## education=primary                  31.9248826  58.4049080 48.081264
## Emergency_last_year=No             28.4090909  92.0245399 85.133828
## urbanization_level=Yes             31.0425160  65.3987730 55.369236
## spt_any=Yes                        28.9754288  76.6871166 69.558207
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            27.0107239  98.8957055 96.227024
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        26.8890402  96.9325153 94.743631
## household_damage=Yes               33.3333333  15.0920245 11.899387
## nasal_plyposis=No                  28.3323716  60.2453988 55.885198
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   29.2929293  32.0245399 28.732667
## familial_allergy=Yes               28.4018987  44.0490798 40.761045
## familial_allergy=No                24.8230811  55.9509202 59.238955
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  25.0678733  67.9754601 71.267333
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 23.6842105  39.7546012 44.114802
## gina_steps=step3                   14.4067797   2.0858896  3.805224
## household_damage=No                25.3294290  84.9079755 88.100613
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       15.3374233   3.0674847  5.256369
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            7.6923077   1.1042945  3.772976
## smoking_status=current smoker      13.6531365   4.5398773  8.739116
## spt_any=No                         20.1271186  23.3128834 30.441793
## gina_control=partially controlled  20.9202013  35.7055215 44.856498
## urbanization_level=No              20.3757225  34.6012270 44.630764
## gina_control=uncontrolled          12.5683060   5.6441718 11.802644
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            14.0997831   7.9754601 14.866172
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             12.7139364   6.3803681 13.189294
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               6.7567568   1.8404908  7.158981
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       21.3354199  50.1840491 61.818768
## severe_asthma=Yes                   9.6692112   4.6625767 12.673331
## Cough=Yes                          14.7601476  14.7239264 26.217349
## education=tertiary                  8.7628866   4.1717791 12.512093
## smoking_status=former smokers      16.5505226  23.3128834 37.020316
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        0.0000000   0.0000000  5.320864
## XCOPD=Yes                           3.2846715   1.1042945  8.835859
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        7.5098814   4.6625767 16.317317
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                6.4017660   3.5582822 14.608191
## dyspenea=Yes                        6.2365591   3.5582822 14.995163
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       0.7017544   0.2453988  9.190584
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       11.5322581  17.5460123 39.987101
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       2.8419183   1.9631902 18.155434
## Breathlessness=Yes                 10.7541899  18.8957055 46.178652
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        0.4901961   0.3680982 19.735569
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      0.0000000   0.0000000 37.858755
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       0.0000000   0.0000000 38.761690
##                                          p.value     v.test
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       5.057859e-213  31.150090
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      2.837805e-206  30.647678
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         3.223565e-86  19.679629
## Breathlessness=No                   9.995855e-79  18.785121
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        3.530455e-59  16.221910
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         1.810996e-56  15.834076
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        8.318905e-37  12.673255
## smoking_status=never smoker         7.195365e-34  12.131462
## dyspenea=No                         1.031793e-32  11.911440
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 3.299456e-31  11.619008
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         6.157732e-31  11.565575
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  2.847947e-30  11.433382
## XCOPD=No                            3.480415e-26  10.585467
## gina_control=controlled             1.360466e-24  10.236517
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         2.784060e-23   9.940151
## Cough=No                            1.577159e-19   9.039274
## severe_asthma=No                    3.317662e-18   8.700040
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         3.014976e-15   7.890285
## education=primary                   6.346658e-12   6.871643
## Emergency_last_year=No              1.218839e-11   6.777961
## urbanization_level=Yes              1.455686e-11   6.752251
## spt_any=Yes                         1.694304e-07   5.230087
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             2.571554e-07   5.152413
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         6.573808e-04   3.406763
## household_damage=Yes                1.332574e-03   3.208871
## nasal_plyposis=No                   3.450441e-03   2.924469
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    1.626473e-02   2.402920
## familial_allergy=Yes                2.650460e-02   2.218737
## familial_allergy=No                 2.650460e-02  -2.218737
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   1.626473e-02  -2.402920
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  3.450441e-03  -2.924469
## gina_steps=step3                    1.738733e-03  -3.131572
## household_damage=No                 1.332574e-03  -3.208871
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        6.573808e-04  -3.406763
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            2.571554e-07  -5.152413
## smoking_status=current smoker       1.699591e-07  -5.229511
## spt_any=No                          1.694304e-07  -5.230087
## gina_control=partially controlled   7.697528e-10  -6.151043
## urbanization_level=No               1.455686e-11  -6.752251
## gina_control=uncontrolled           1.424306e-11  -6.755411
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             1.218839e-11  -6.777961
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              1.164845e-12  -7.109476
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               1.581594e-14  -7.680750
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        3.014976e-15  -7.890285
## severe_asthma=Yes                   3.317662e-18  -8.700040
## Cough=Yes                           1.577159e-19  -9.039274
## education=tertiary                  4.416902e-20  -9.177384
## smoking_status=former smokers       4.659688e-22  -9.655481
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        2.784060e-23  -9.940151
## XCOPD=Yes                           3.480415e-26 -10.585467
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        6.157732e-31 -11.565575
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                3.299456e-31 -11.619008
## dyspenea=Yes                        1.031793e-32 -11.911440
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       8.318905e-37 -12.673255
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        1.810996e-56 -15.834076
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       3.530455e-59 -16.221910
## Breathlessness=Yes                  9.995855e-79 -18.785121
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        3.223565e-86 -19.679629
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     2.837805e-206 -30.647678
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      5.057859e-213 -31.150090
## 
## $`2`
##                                       Cla/Mod     Mod/Cla    Global
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       43.7072143 100.0000000 61.238310
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      43.0721328 100.0000000 62.141245
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        33.2663720  99.7590361 80.264431
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       32.4665091  99.2771084 81.844566
## Breathlessness=No                  38.7058119  77.8313253 53.821348
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       41.2903226  61.6867470 39.987101
## familial_allergy=No                35.3293413  78.1927711 59.238955
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       29.3678977  99.6385542 90.809416
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        28.2697548 100.0000000 94.679136
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 30.9523810  87.7108434 75.846501
## urbanization_level=Yes             33.1391963  68.5542169 55.369236
## smoking_status=former smokers      36.0627178  49.8795181 37.020316
## education=tertiary                 45.3608247  21.2048193 12.512093
## smoking_status=current smoker      44.6494465  14.5783133  8.739116
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                28.8141994  91.9277108 85.391809
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       30.7772561  71.0843373 61.818768
## spt_any=Yes                        30.0880853  78.1927711 69.558207
## dyspenea=No                        28.7936267  91.4457831 85.004837
## Gender=No                          32.4587706  52.1686747 43.018381
## Cough=No                           29.3706294  80.9638554 73.782651
## severe_asthma=No                   28.1388479  91.8072289 87.326669
## household_damage=No                27.9648609  92.0481928 88.100613
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 30.1169591  49.6385542 44.114802
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       38.6503067   7.5903614  5.256369
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            27.1782842  97.7108434 96.227024
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        27.7071291  86.6265060 83.682683
## education=secondary                29.3780687  43.2530120 39.406643
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  28.0090498  74.5783133 71.267333
## XCOPD=No                           27.3081005  93.0120482 91.164141
## gina_control=controlled            28.6458333  46.3855422 43.340858
## XCOPD=Yes                          21.1678832   6.9879518  8.835859
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   23.6812570  25.4216867 28.732667
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       21.9367589  13.3734940 16.317317
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           16.2393162   2.2891566  3.772976
## gina_steps=step3                   16.1016949   2.2891566  3.805224
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              17.5675676   4.6987952  7.158981
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        26.1061947  92.4096386 94.743631
## nasal_plyposis=No                  24.1200231  50.3614458 55.885198
## household_damage=Yes               17.8861789   7.9518072 11.899387
## severe_asthma=Yes                  17.3027990   8.1927711 12.673331
## Cough=Yes                          19.4341943  19.0361446 26.217349
## Gender=Yes                         22.4674590  47.8313253 56.981619
## dyspenea=Yes                       15.2688172   8.5542169 14.995163
## spt_any=No                         19.1737288  21.8072289 30.441793
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        20.2702703  28.9156627 38.181232
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               14.7902870   8.0722892 14.608191
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             10.7579462   5.3012048 13.189294
## education=primary                  19.7853789  35.5421687 48.081264
## urbanization_level=No              18.8583815  31.4457831 44.630764
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        0.0000000   0.0000000  5.320864
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       1.0526316   0.3614458  9.190584
## smoking_status=never smoker        17.5386445  35.5421687 54.240568
## familial_allergy=Yes               14.3196203  21.8072289 40.761045
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        17.0875873  38.3132530 60.012899
## Breathlessness=Yes                 12.8491620  22.1686747 46.178652
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       1.0657194   0.7228916 18.155434
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        0.3267974   0.2409639 19.735569
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      0.0000000   0.0000000 37.858755
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       0.0000000   0.0000000 38.761690
##                                          p.value     v.test
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       6.622114e-218  31.508605
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      5.460265e-211  30.999586
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         3.147657e-90  20.142241
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        1.290404e-74  18.275776
## Breathlessness=No                   5.351465e-62  16.615846
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        1.268671e-49  14.809667
## familial_allergy=No                 1.321603e-40  13.341838
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        4.712235e-36  12.536523
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         9.017507e-24  10.051832
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  1.240778e-22   9.790178
## urbanization_level=Yes              1.882975e-19   9.019879
## smoking_status=former smokers       7.328986e-19   8.869781
## education=tertiary                  2.959975e-17   8.448133
## smoking_status=current smoker       3.212211e-11   6.636499
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 6.239922e-11   6.537875
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        8.263370e-11   6.495726
## spt_any=Yes                         1.186657e-10   6.441030
## dyspenea=No                         2.079078e-10   6.355383
## Gender=No                           5.753453e-10   6.197041
## Cough=No                            2.006003e-08   5.611483
## severe_asthma=No                    2.639653e-06   4.697035
## household_damage=No                 2.238556e-05   4.239663
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  1.875290e-04   3.735250
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        6.861382e-04   3.395059
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             6.552597e-03   2.718766
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         6.579870e-03   2.717392
## education=secondary                 8.277946e-03   2.640518
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   1.324858e-02   2.477016
## XCOPD=No                            2.605786e-02   2.225348
## gina_control=controlled             3.898519e-02   2.064343
## XCOPD=Yes                           2.605786e-02  -2.225348
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    1.324858e-02  -2.477016
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        6.579870e-03  -2.717392
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            6.552597e-03  -2.718766
## gina_steps=step3                    5.619520e-03  -2.769194
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               8.949229e-04  -3.321633
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         6.861382e-04  -3.395059
## nasal_plyposis=No                   1.875290e-04  -3.735250
## household_damage=Yes                2.238556e-05  -4.239663
## severe_asthma=Yes                   2.639653e-06  -4.697035
## Cough=Yes                           2.006003e-08  -5.611483
## Gender=Yes                          5.753453e-10  -6.197041
## dyspenea=Yes                        2.079078e-10  -6.355383
## spt_any=No                          1.186657e-10  -6.441030
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         8.263370e-11  -6.495726
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                6.239922e-11  -6.537875
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              2.681211e-17  -8.459676
## education=primary                   1.996740e-17  -8.493983
## urbanization_level=No               1.882975e-19  -9.019879
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        9.017507e-24 -10.051832
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       4.712235e-36 -12.536523
## smoking_status=never smoker         1.055592e-36 -12.654565
## familial_allergy=Yes                1.321603e-40 -13.341838
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         1.268671e-49 -14.809667
## Breathlessness=Yes                  5.351465e-62 -16.615846
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       1.290404e-74 -18.275776
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        3.147657e-90 -20.142241
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     5.460265e-211 -30.999586
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      6.622114e-218 -31.508605
## 
## $`3`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global       p.value
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      58.735441 90.051020 38.761690 3.257734e-268
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     57.495741 86.096939 37.858755 8.362839e-234
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      61.456483 44.132653 18.155434  1.837599e-93
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       58.986928 46.045918 19.735569  7.931694e-91
## Breathlessness=Yes                 41.969274 76.658163 46.178652  8.628941e-90
## familial_allergy=Yes               39.873418 64.285714 40.761045  1.155392e-53
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      55.438596 20.153061  9.190584  2.788726e-30
## smoking_status=never smoker        32.164090 69.005102 54.240568  2.889241e-22
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        30.951102 73.469388 60.012899  1.363254e-19
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             43.765281 22.831633 13.189294  1.608466e-18
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       56.363636 11.862245  5.320864  2.603446e-18
## urbanization_level=No              31.936416 56.377551 44.630764  2.292785e-14
## education=primary                  30.717639 58.418367 48.081264  2.043611e-11
## XCOPD=No                           26.600637 95.918367 91.164141  6.394862e-09
## Gender=Yes                         28.749293 64.795918 56.981619  2.730897e-07
## Cough=Yes                          30.873309 32.015306 26.217349  2.543665e-05
## spt_any=Yes                        27.399166 75.382653 69.558207  3.342525e-05
## nasal_plyposis=No                  28.043855 61.989796 55.885198  6.468827e-05
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        25.936011 97.193878 94.743631  1.765002e-04
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        28.969595 43.750000 38.181232  2.225718e-04
## gina_steps=step3                   38.983051  5.867347  3.805224  8.555371e-04
## severe_asthma=Yes                  31.297710 15.688776 12.673331  3.978659e-03
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               30.463576 17.602041 14.608191  6.899233e-03
## gina_control=partially controlled  27.606039 48.979592 44.856498  7.366953e-03
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           34.188034  5.102041  3.772976  2.839729e-02
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              31.531532  8.928571  7.158981  2.940488e-02
## household_damage=Yes               29.810298 14.030612 11.899387  3.551163e-02
## household_damage=No                24.670571 85.969388 88.100613  3.551163e-02
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            24.932976 94.897959 96.227024  2.839729e-02
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                24.395770 82.397959 85.391809  6.899233e-03
## severe_asthma=No                   24.409158 84.311224 87.326669  3.978659e-03
## gina_control=controlled            22.470238 38.520408 43.340858  1.586871e-03
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       23.004695 56.250000 61.818768  2.225718e-04
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       13.496933  2.806122  5.256369  1.765002e-04
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 21.783626 38.010204 44.114802  6.468827e-05
## smoking_status=current smoker      15.498155  5.357143  8.739116  5.253098e-05
## spt_any=No                         20.444915 24.617347 30.441793  3.342525e-05
## Cough=No                           23.295455 67.984694 73.782651  2.543665e-05
## Gender=No                          20.689655 35.204082 43.018381  2.730897e-07
## XCOPD=Yes                          11.678832  4.081633  8.835859  6.394862e-09
## urbanization_level=Yes             19.918462 43.622449 55.369236  2.292785e-14
## smoking_status=former smokers      17.508711 25.637755 37.020316  7.688483e-15
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        23.535422 88.137755 94.679136  2.603446e-18
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       16.774194 26.530612 39.987101  1.363254e-19
## education=tertiary                  7.989691  3.954082 12.512093  2.806355e-20
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 20.790816 62.372449 75.846501  4.909280e-23
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       22.230114 79.846939 90.809416  2.788726e-30
## familial_allergy=No                15.242243 35.714286 59.238955  1.155392e-53
## Breathlessness=No                  10.964649 23.341837 53.821348  8.628941e-90
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        16.994777 53.954082 80.264431  7.931694e-91
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       17.257683 55.867347 81.844566  1.837599e-93
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       5.656461 13.903061 62.141245 8.362839e-234
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        4.107425  9.948980 61.238310 3.257734e-268
##                                        v.test
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       34.989430
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      32.648693
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       20.507706
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        20.210391
## Breathlessness=Yes                  20.092235
## familial_allergy=Yes                15.422502
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       11.435206
## smoking_status=never smoker          9.704346
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No          9.055194
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2               8.781823
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes         8.727508
## urbanization_level=No                7.633042
## education=primary                    6.702873
## XCOPD=No                             5.806090
## Gender=Yes                           5.141131
## Cough=Yes                            4.210890
## spt_any=Yes                          4.148780
## nasal_plyposis=No                    3.995022
## Hosptalization_last_year=No          3.750475
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No          3.691915
## gina_steps=step3                     3.334172
## severe_asthma=Yes                    2.879849
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                 2.701669
## gina_control=partially controlled    2.679785
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes             2.191754
## gina_steps=step4 or 5                2.178016
## household_damage=Yes                 2.102476
## household_damage=No                 -2.102476
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             -2.191754
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 -2.701669
## severe_asthma=No                    -2.879849
## gina_control=controlled             -3.158309
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        -3.691915
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        -3.750475
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  -3.995022
## smoking_status=current smoker       -4.044071
## spt_any=No                          -4.148780
## Cough=No                            -4.210890
## Gender=No                           -5.141131
## XCOPD=Yes                           -5.806090
## urbanization_level=Yes              -7.633042
## smoking_status=former smokers       -7.772611
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         -8.727508
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        -9.055194
## education=tertiary                  -9.226111
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  -9.883490
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       -11.435206
## familial_allergy=No                -15.422502
## Breathlessness=No                  -20.092235
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        -20.210391
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       -20.507706
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -32.648693
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -34.989430
## 
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the quantitative variables
## ================================================================
##                            Eta2       P-value
## Age                 0.491909002  0.000000e+00
## onset_age_asthma    0.533577772  0.000000e+00
## pack_years          0.280844831 4.591067e-221
## kco                 0.238475725 1.330375e-182
## tlco                0.190050205 3.426994e-141
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 0.168637048 1.141642e-123
## Reversibility       0.094693288  1.718750e-66
## Monocytes           0.070599208  6.857306e-49
## BMI                 0.064135629  2.994284e-44
## Neutrophiles        0.048236905  5.544799e-33
## Eosinophiles        0.045115194  8.544977e-31
## pd20                0.042233922  8.785184e-29
## FeNO                0.039158908  1.211388e-26
## Basophiles          0.038994204  1.576344e-26
## Lymphocytes         0.005126568  1.177409e-03
## 
## Description of each cluster by quantitative variables
## =====================================================
## $`0`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## onset_age_asthma     38.050467     3.522470e+01 1.277169e+01   1.818134e+01
## Age                  22.473313     6.246875e+01 5.047952e+01   1.027113e+01
## pack_years           19.439026     2.017073e+01 1.128550e+01   1.611400e+01
## Reversibility        14.321152     9.223230e+00 5.948107e+00   9.514434e+00
## Eosinophiles         10.433418     2.534673e-01 2.004192e-01   1.768795e-01
## BMI                  10.330197     2.826087e+01 2.661552e+01   4.843203e+00
## Neutrophiles          9.467213     4.193467e+00 3.757449e+00   1.459152e+00
## Basophiles            9.341723     4.196429e-02 2.780071e-02   5.130742e-02
## FeNO                  8.439577     2.857507e+01 2.306080e+01   2.675088e+01
## Monocytes             8.091874     4.616667e-01 4.195937e-01   1.719874e-01
## pd20                  3.332513     2.615333e+03 2.320957e+03   2.080599e+03
## Lymphocytes           2.280182     2.012976e+00 1.962441e+00   8.142054e-01
## kco                 -11.720724     9.136925e+01 9.737797e+01   1.541368e+01
## tlco                -13.905973     9.022503e+01 9.981259e+01   1.571662e+01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -19.195795     7.257534e-01 7.832420e-01   1.093694e-01
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01  0.000000e+00
## Age                 1.562341e+01 7.572603e-112
## pack_years          1.338584e+01  3.609565e-84
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00  1.614246e-46
## Eosinophiles        1.488999e-01  1.744963e-25
## BMI                 4.664452e+00  5.145505e-25
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00  2.874095e-21
## Basophiles          4.440150e-02  9.477882e-21
## FeNO                1.913459e+01  3.184887e-17
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01  5.875379e-16
## pd20                2.586920e+03  8.606542e-04
## Lymphocytes         6.490450e-01  2.259689e-02
## kco                 1.501340e+01  9.981474e-32
## tlco                2.019103e+01  5.826900e-44
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02  4.012980e-82
## 
## $`1`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  17.003039     8.280992e-01 7.832420e-01   5.673454e-02
## tlco                 14.142631     1.084021e+02 9.981259e+01   2.426302e+01
## kco                  11.912186     1.027576e+02 9.737797e+01   1.215612e+01
## Lymphocytes          -2.878393     1.906245e+00 1.962441e+00   5.272374e-01
## pd20                 -3.734337     2.030371e+03 2.320957e+03   2.865556e+03
## FeNO                 -7.824537     1.855724e+01 2.306080e+01   1.204047e+01
## Basophiles           -8.431297     1.653988e-02 2.780071e-02   3.540549e-02
## Eosinophiles         -8.449038     1.625767e-01 2.004192e-01   1.355063e-01
## Neutrophiles         -9.350067     3.378110e+00 3.757449e+00   1.148138e+00
## Monocytes           -10.476905     3.716074e-01 4.195937e-01   1.241570e-01
## Reversibility       -10.694476     3.793643e+00 5.948107e+00   3.380527e+00
## BMI                 -11.782491     2.496236e+01 2.661552e+01   4.015123e+00
## pack_years          -18.410520     3.872566e+00 1.128550e+01   4.017500e+00
## onset_age_asthma    -19.709702     2.526380e+00 1.277169e+01   6.879969e+00
## Age                 -24.617562     3.891043e+01 5.047952e+01   1.162420e+01
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02  7.797088e-65
## tlco                2.019103e+01  2.073837e-45
## kco                 1.501340e+01  1.022601e-32
## Lymphocytes         6.490450e-01  3.997062e-03
## pd20                2.586920e+03  1.882103e-04
## FeNO                1.913459e+01  5.095285e-15
## Basophiles          4.440150e-02  3.418561e-17
## Eosinophiles        1.488999e-01  2.937138e-17
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00  8.759200e-21
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01  1.102948e-25
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00  1.080290e-26
## BMI                 4.664452e+00  4.805194e-32
## pack_years          1.338584e+01  1.081791e-75
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01  1.780114e-86
## Age                 1.562341e+01 8.193317e-134
## 
## $`2`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## Age                  23.034387       61.1710843   50.4795227   1.040746e+01
## pack_years           14.786572       17.1658343   11.2855015   1.521143e+01
## Monocytes             8.926795        0.4599759    0.4195937   1.616094e-01
## pd20                  8.925972     3006.9618651 2320.9569182   2.671319e+03
## BMI                   3.809601       27.1434454   26.6155247   4.402450e+00
## Neutrophiles          3.382222        3.8929759    3.7574492   1.400171e+00
## Lymphocytes           2.291474        2.0066265    1.9624411   6.726783e-01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  -3.210444        0.7748767    0.7832420   7.805921e-02
## FeNO                 -3.722770       20.9445181   23.0608030   1.350404e+01
## Reversibility        -6.900426        4.5751215    5.9481072   5.391665e+00
## tlco                -14.439403       91.1510245   99.8125910   1.435858e+01
## onset_age_asthma    -17.749643        3.6590361   12.7716866   1.037934e+01
## kco                 -19.172814       88.8262484   97.3779717   1.248205e+01
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## Age                 1.562341e+01 2.109211e-117
## pack_years          1.338584e+01  1.788317e-49
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01  4.385270e-19
## pd20                2.586920e+03  4.418016e-19
## BMI                 4.664452e+00  1.391915e-04
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00  7.190199e-04
## Lymphocytes         6.490450e-01  2.193603e-02
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02  1.325301e-03
## FeNO                1.913459e+01  1.970486e-04
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00  5.184671e-12
## tlco                2.019103e+01  2.923624e-47
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01  1.734537e-70
## kco                 1.501340e+01  6.243815e-82
## 
## $`3`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## kco                  18.577022      105.9894824   97.3779717   1.251941e+01
## tlco                 13.567934      108.2711501   99.8125910   1.625090e+01
## Reversibility         4.284332        6.8340562    5.9481072   6.353456e+00
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post   4.247071        0.7947431    0.7832420   7.242272e-02
## FeNO                  3.716249       25.2563776   23.0608030   2.084064e+01
## onset_age_asthma      1.972178       13.8239796   12.7716866   1.021452e+01
## Neutrophiles         -2.950449        3.6345791    3.7574492   1.255980e+00
## Monocytes            -6.153533        0.3906633    0.4195937   1.272915e-01
## pd20                 -8.469577     1644.4551761 2320.9569182   2.356000e+03
## pack_years          -14.844298        5.1502902   11.2855015   5.037218e+00
## Age                 -19.836174       40.9107143   50.4795227   1.204095e+01
##                       Overall sd      p.value
## kco                 1.501340e+01 4.931191e-77
## tlco                2.019103e+01 6.204615e-42
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00 1.832888e-05
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02 2.165836e-05
## FeNO                1.913459e+01 2.022020e-04
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01 4.858927e-02
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00 3.173123e-03
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01 7.577558e-10
## pd20                2.586920e+03 2.462851e-17
## pack_years          1.338584e+01 7.574375e-50
## Age                 1.562341e+01 1.450895e-87

1.5.3 Radar Plots

radar_plot(labeled_original_data = results_cluster_data, clusters = results_cluster_data$clusters)

1.5.4 parallel box plots

1.5.5 parallel coordinate plot

1.6 Deep Empedding Clustering on the encoded data 3 clusters

1.6.1 Summary table

# results_Kam <- get_ClusterResults(OriginalData = my_imp_data, Labels = kamRes$finalMemb)
table_result <- tableby(clusters ~ ., data = as.list(results_cluster_data))
summary(table_result, title = "Charachtaristcs of Clusters")  
Charachtaristcs of Clusters
0 (N=915) 1 (N=1337) 2 (N=849) Total (N=3101) p value
Age < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 42.278 (13.023) 48.603 (15.510) 62.274 (10.649) 50.480 (15.626)
   Range 17.000 - 78.000 17.000 - 97.000 18.000 - 86.000 17.000 - 97.000
Gender < 0.001
   No 321 (35.1%) 635 (47.5%) 378 (44.5%) 1334 (43.0%)
   Yes 594 (64.9%) 702 (52.5%) 471 (55.5%) 1767 (57.0%)
BMI < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 26.381 (4.686) 25.577 (3.966) 28.503 (5.078) 26.616 (4.665)
   Range 16.534 - 42.595 16.975 - 45.435 17.603 - 50.058 16.534 - 50.058
age at asthma onset as numeeric variable < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 14.754 (11.298) 1.187 (5.250) 28.879 (20.868) 12.772 (17.284)
   Range -1.000 - 70.000 -1.000 - 32.000 -1.000 - 72.000 -1.000 - 72.000
Cough < 0.001
   No 629 (68.7%) 1159 (86.7%) 500 (58.9%) 2288 (73.8%)
   Yes 286 (31.3%) 178 (13.3%) 349 (41.1%) 813 (26.2%)
Breathlessness < 0.001
   No 218 (23.8%) 1165 (87.1%) 286 (33.7%) 1669 (53.8%)
   Yes 697 (76.2%) 172 (12.9%) 563 (66.3%) 1432 (46.2%)
Recurrent_wheeze < 0.001
   No 758 (82.8%) 1307 (97.8%) 583 (68.7%) 2648 (85.4%)
   Yes 157 (17.2%) 30 (2.2%) 266 (31.3%) 453 (14.6%)
dyspenea < 0.001
   No 783 (85.6%) 1289 (96.4%) 564 (66.4%) 2636 (85.0%)
   Yes 132 (14.4%) 48 (3.6%) 285 (33.6%) 465 (15.0%)
Chronic_productive_cough < 0.001
   No 762 (83.3%) 1260 (94.2%) 573 (67.5%) 2595 (83.7%)
   Yes 153 (16.7%) 77 (5.8%) 276 (32.5%) 506 (16.3%)
FEV1_FVC_ratio_post < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.796 (0.072) 0.812 (0.060) 0.725 (0.109) 0.783 (0.088)
   Range 0.444 - 1.009 0.571 - 1.180 0.230 - 1.590 0.230 - 1.590
Reversibility < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 6.660 (6.375) 3.752 (3.734) 8.640 (9.102) 5.948 (6.698)
   Range -26.774 - 53.704 -12.603 - 38.626 -6.858 - 77.242 -26.774 - 77.242
pd20 < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 1732.256 (2305.985) 2571.254 (2946.660) 2561.256 (2128.535) 2320.957 (2587.337)
   Range -6521.250 - 38775.000 -26261.250 - 38775.000 -3701.250 - 13923.750 -26261.250 - 38775.000
tlco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 106.268 (13.533) 101.932 (22.107) 89.517 (19.112) 99.813 (20.194)
   Range 44.477 - 161.534 48.844 - 680.093 44.453 - 389.709 44.453 - 680.093
kco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 104.585 (12.981) 96.926 (13.537) 90.322 (15.740) 97.378 (15.016)
   Range 40.972 - 149.720 28.161 - 139.983 43.704 - 141.410 28.161 - 149.720
FeNO < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 25.856 (20.639) 18.951 (10.902) 26.520 (25.406) 23.061 (19.138)
   Range 3.300 - 155.000 0.000 - 102.000 3.400 - 226.000 0.000 - 226.000
Eosinophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.205 (0.145) 0.167 (0.110) 0.248 (0.188) 0.200 (0.149)
   Range 0.000 - 1.100 0.000 - 0.900 0.000 - 2.300 0.000 - 2.300
Neutrophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 3.624 (1.214) 3.456 (1.158) 4.375 (1.551) 3.757 (1.349)
   Range 1.000 - 10.600 0.700 - 11.000 1.300 - 12.500 0.700 - 12.500
Lymphocyties < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 1.940 (0.712) 1.903 (0.553) 2.080 (0.701) 1.962 (0.649)
   Range 0.600 - 11.200 0.300 - 4.800 0.300 - 8.000 0.300 - 11.200
Monocytes < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.392 (0.127) 0.395 (0.129) 0.488 (0.186) 0.420 (0.152)
   Range 0.100 - 1.100 0.190 - 0.880 0.200 - 2.400 0.100 - 2.400
Basophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.028 (0.044) 0.017 (0.036) 0.044 (0.052) 0.028 (0.044)
   Range 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.300 0.000 - 0.300
spt_any < 0.001
   No 245 (26.8%) 305 (22.8%) 394 (46.4%) 944 (30.4%)
   Yes 670 (73.2%) 1032 (77.2%) 455 (53.6%) 2157 (69.6%)
familial_allergy < 0.001
   No 343 (37.5%) 905 (67.7%) 589 (69.4%) 1837 (59.2%)
   Yes 572 (62.5%) 432 (32.3%) 260 (30.6%) 1264 (40.8%)
Drug_induced_dyspnea < 0.001
   No 868 (94.9%) 1326 (99.2%) 790 (93.1%) 2984 (96.2%)
   Yes 47 (5.1%) 11 (0.8%) 59 (6.9%) 117 (3.8%)
nasal_plyposis < 0.001
   No 563 (61.5%) 735 (55.0%) 435 (51.2%) 1733 (55.9%)
   Yes 352 (38.5%) 602 (45.0%) 414 (48.8%) 1368 (44.1%)
Ever_rhinitis 0.162
   No 283 (30.9%) 364 (27.2%) 244 (28.7%) 891 (28.7%)
   Yes 632 (69.1%) 973 (72.8%) 605 (71.3%) 2210 (71.3%)
gina_steps < 0.001
   onlys saba or non users 569 (62.2%) 1202 (89.9%) 581 (68.4%) 2352 (75.8%)
   step 1 or 2 210 (23.0%) 73 (5.5%) 126 (14.8%) 409 (13.2%)
   step3 54 (5.9%) 26 (1.9%) 38 (4.5%) 118 (3.8%)
   step4 or 5 82 (9.0%) 36 (2.7%) 104 (12.2%) 222 (7.2%)
Hosptalization_last_year < 0.001
   No 890 (97.3%) 1280 (95.7%) 768 (90.5%) 2938 (94.7%)
   Yes 25 (2.7%) 57 (4.3%) 81 (9.5%) 163 (5.3%)
Emergency_last_year < 0.001
   No 800 (87.4%) 1204 (90.1%) 636 (74.9%) 2640 (85.1%)
   Yes 115 (12.6%) 133 (9.9%) 213 (25.1%) 461 (14.9%)
severe_asthma < 0.001
   No 774 (84.6%) 1266 (94.7%) 668 (78.7%) 2708 (87.3%)
   Yes 141 (15.4%) 71 (5.3%) 181 (21.3%) 393 (12.7%)
gina_control < 0.001
   controlled 353 (38.6%) 729 (54.5%) 262 (30.9%) 1344 (43.3%)
   partially controlled 448 (49.0%) 526 (39.3%) 417 (49.1%) 1391 (44.9%)
   uncontrolled 114 (12.5%) 82 (6.1%) 170 (20.0%) 366 (11.8%)
education < 0.001
   primary 538 (58.8%) 683 (51.1%) 270 (31.8%) 1491 (48.1%)
   secondary 336 (36.7%) 528 (39.5%) 358 (42.2%) 1222 (39.4%)
   tertiary 41 (4.5%) 126 (9.4%) 221 (26.0%) 388 (12.5%)
urbanization_level < 0.001
   No 514 (56.2%) 424 (31.7%) 446 (52.5%) 1384 (44.6%)
   Yes 401 (43.8%) 913 (68.3%) 403 (47.5%) 1717 (55.4%)
smoking_status < 0.001
   never smoker 624 (68.2%) 787 (58.9%) 271 (31.9%) 1682 (54.2%)
   former smokers 246 (26.9%) 467 (34.9%) 435 (51.2%) 1148 (37.0%)
   current smoker 45 (4.9%) 83 (6.2%) 143 (16.8%) 271 (8.7%)
pack_years < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 5.894 (6.272) 7.478 (7.859) 23.093 (17.936) 11.286 (13.388)
   Range 0.000 - 55.500 0.000 - 52.500 0.000 - 112.500 0.000 - 112.500
smoking_exposure_at_home < 0.001
   No 401 (43.8%) 545 (40.8%) 238 (28.0%) 1184 (38.2%)
   Yes 514 (56.2%) 792 (59.2%) 611 (72.0%) 1917 (61.8%)
smoking_exposure_at_work < 0.001
   No 646 (70.6%) 849 (63.5%) 366 (43.1%) 1861 (60.0%)
   Yes 269 (29.4%) 488 (36.5%) 483 (56.9%) 1240 (40.0%)
household_damage 0.005
   No 781 (85.4%) 1185 (88.6%) 766 (90.2%) 2732 (88.1%)
   Yes 134 (14.6%) 152 (11.4%) 83 (9.8%) 369 (11.9%)
exertion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 133 (14.5%) 1337 (100.0%) 429 (50.5%) 1899 (61.2%)
   Yes 782 (85.5%) 0 (0.0%) 420 (49.5%) 1202 (38.8%)
infection_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 168 (18.4%) 1337 (100.0%) 422 (49.7%) 1927 (62.1%)
   Yes 747 (81.6%) 0 (0.0%) 427 (50.3%) 1174 (37.9%)
allergen_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 516 (56.4%) 1335 (99.9%) 687 (80.9%) 2538 (81.8%)
   Yes 399 (43.6%) 2 (0.1%) 162 (19.1%) 563 (18.2%)
irritant_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 738 (80.7%) 1332 (99.6%) 746 (87.9%) 2816 (90.8%)
   Yes 177 (19.3%) 5 (0.4%) 103 (12.1%) 285 (9.2%)
weather_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 509 (55.6%) 1334 (99.8%) 646 (76.1%) 2489 (80.3%)
   Yes 406 (44.4%) 3 (0.2%) 203 (23.9%) 612 (19.7%)
emotion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 803 (87.8%) 1337 (100.0%) 796 (93.8%) 2936 (94.7%)
   Yes 112 (12.2%) 0 (0.0%) 53 (6.2%) 165 (5.3%)
XCOPD < 0.001
   No 877 (95.8%) 1317 (98.5%) 633 (74.6%) 2827 (91.2%)
   Yes 38 (4.2%) 20 (1.5%) 216 (25.4%) 274 (8.8%)

1.6.2 Charachtiristic Analysis

catdes(results_cluster_data, dim(results_cluster_data)[2])
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the categorical variables (chi-square test)
## =================================================================================
##                                  p.value df
## exertion_triggered_asthma   0.000000e+00  2
## infection_triggered_asthma  0.000000e+00  2
## Breathlessness             2.272918e-232  2
## allergen_triggered_asthma  8.572943e-151  2
## weather_triggered_asthma   1.179641e-148  2
## XCOPD                       1.151374e-88  2
## dyspenea                    2.671490e-80  2
## Recurrent_wheeze            1.129981e-78  2
## Chronic_productive_cough    7.564546e-60  2
## gina_steps                  3.370793e-59  6
## smoking_status              5.131004e-59  4
## familial_allergy            4.308110e-56  2
## irritant_triggered_asthma   3.193236e-54  2
## education                   3.593783e-54  4
## Cough                       1.862771e-49  2
## gina_control                8.055494e-37  4
## emotion_triggered_asthma    3.082554e-36  2
## urbanization_level          1.051591e-35  2
## smoking_exposure_at_work    1.976172e-33  2
## spt_any                     3.669845e-32  2
## severe_asthma               9.591289e-29  2
## Emergency_last_year         2.514358e-22  2
## Drug_induced_dyspnea        7.924520e-14  2
## smoking_exposure_at_home    2.849218e-12  2
## Hosptalization_last_year    1.225427e-10  2
## Gender                      2.245854e-08  2
## nasal_plyposis              5.227827e-05  2
## household_damage            5.020449e-03  2
## 
## Description of each cluster by the categories
## =============================================
## $`0`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global       p.value
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      65.058236 85.464481 38.761690 7.218050e-272
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     63.628620 81.639344 37.858755 4.910179e-237
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      70.870337 43.606557 18.155434 7.621766e-115
## Breathlessness=Yes                 48.673184 76.174863 46.178652 3.383504e-107
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       66.339869 44.371585 19.735569 1.377704e-101
## familial_allergy=Yes               45.253165 62.513661 40.761045  8.262743e-57
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      62.105263 19.344262  9.190584  3.499164e-33
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       67.878788 12.240437  5.320864  1.318076e-25
## smoking_status=never smoker        37.098692 68.196721 54.240568  2.304946e-24
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             51.344743 22.950820 13.189294  1.986089e-23
## urbanization_level=No              37.138728 56.174863 44.630764  6.920431e-17
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        34.712520 70.601093 60.012899  3.409947e-15
## education=primary                  36.083166 58.797814 48.081264  1.062123e-14
## XCOPD=No                           31.022285 95.846995 91.164141  2.673588e-10
## Gender=Yes                         33.616299 64.918033 56.981619  6.423747e-09
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        30.292716 97.267760 94.743631  1.788467e-05
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        33.868243 43.825137 38.181232  3.123175e-05
## nasal_plyposis=No                  32.487017 61.530055 55.885198  4.023982e-05
## Cough=Yes                          35.178352 31.256831 26.217349  4.431821e-05
## gina_steps=step3                   45.762712  5.901639  3.805224  1.492154e-04
## household_damage=Yes               36.314363 14.644809 11.899387  2.665343e-03
## gina_control=partially controlled  32.207045 48.961749 44.856498  2.994355e-03
## severe_asthma=Yes                  35.877863 15.409836 12.673331  3.526632e-03
## spt_any=Yes                        31.061660 73.224044 69.558207  3.904631e-03
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               34.657837 17.158470 14.608191  1.017457e-02
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           40.170940  5.136612  3.772976  1.217942e-02
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              36.936937  8.961749  7.158981  1.345018e-02
## Emergency_last_year=No             30.303030 87.431694 85.133828  1.880561e-02
## education=secondary                27.495908 36.721311 39.406643  4.747970e-02
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            24.945770 12.568306 14.866172  1.880561e-02
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            29.088472 94.863388 96.227024  1.217942e-02
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                28.625378 82.841530 85.391809  1.017457e-02
## spt_any=No                         25.953390 26.775956 30.441793  3.904631e-03
## severe_asthma=No                   28.581979 84.590164 87.326669  3.526632e-03
## household_damage=No                28.587116 85.355191 88.100613  2.665343e-03
## gina_control=controlled            26.264881 38.579235 43.340858  5.223029e-04
## Cough=No                           27.491259 68.743169 73.782651  4.431821e-05
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 25.730994 38.469945 44.114802  4.023982e-05
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       26.812728 56.174863 61.818768  3.123175e-05
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       15.337423  2.732240  5.256369  1.788467e-05
## smoking_status=current smoker      16.605166  4.918033  8.739116  3.361517e-07
## Gender=No                          24.062969 35.081967 43.018381  6.423747e-09
## XCOPD=Yes                          13.868613  4.153005  8.835859  2.673588e-10
## smoking_status=former smokers      21.428571 26.885246 37.020316  1.771927e-14
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       21.693548 29.398907 39.987101  3.409947e-15
## urbanization_level=Yes             23.354688 43.825137 55.369236  6.920431e-17
## education=tertiary                 10.567010  4.480874 12.512093  2.711269e-21
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        27.350136 87.759563 94.679136  1.318076e-25
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 24.192177 62.185792 75.846501  4.030401e-29
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       26.207386 80.655738 90.809416  3.499164e-33
## familial_allergy=No                18.671747 37.486339 59.238955  8.262743e-57
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        20.449980 55.628415 80.264431 1.377704e-101
## Breathlessness=No                  13.061714 23.825137 53.821348 3.383504e-107
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       20.330969 56.393443 81.844566 7.621766e-115
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       8.718215 18.360656 62.141245 4.910179e-237
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        7.003686 14.535519 61.238310 7.218050e-272
##                                        v.test
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       35.228911
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      32.875581
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       22.777743
## Breathlessness=Yes                  21.992687
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        21.398570
## familial_allergy=Yes                15.883363
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       12.001263
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        10.460035
## smoking_status=never smoker         10.185364
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2               9.973739
## urbanization_level=No                8.348382
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No          7.874908
## education=primary                    7.731589
## XCOPD=No                             6.316613
## Gender=Yes                           5.805335
## Hosptalization_last_year=No          4.289784
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No          4.164294
## nasal_plyposis=No                    4.106098
## Cough=Yes                            4.083732
## gina_steps=step3                     3.792372
## household_damage=Yes                 3.003910
## gina_control=partially controlled    2.968317
## severe_asthma=Yes                    2.917665
## spt_any=Yes                          2.885765
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                 2.569839
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes             2.506903
## gina_steps=step4 or 5                2.471622
## Emergency_last_year=No               2.349362
## education=secondary                 -1.981996
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             -2.349362
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             -2.506903
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 -2.569839
## spt_any=No                          -2.885765
## severe_asthma=No                    -2.917665
## household_damage=No                 -3.003910
## gina_control=controlled             -3.469050
## Cough=No                            -4.083732
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  -4.106098
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        -4.164294
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        -4.289784
## smoking_status=current smoker       -5.101961
## Gender=No                           -5.805335
## XCOPD=Yes                           -6.316613
## smoking_status=former smokers       -7.666181
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        -7.874908
## urbanization_level=Yes              -8.348382
## education=tertiary                  -9.473305
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        -10.460035
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users -11.201026
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       -12.001263
## familial_allergy=No                -15.883363
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        -21.398570
## Breathlessness=No                  -21.992687
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       -22.777743
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -32.875581
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -35.228911
## 
## $`1`
##                                       Cla/Mod     Mod/Cla    Global
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      69.3824598 100.0000000 62.141245
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       70.4054766 100.0000000 61.238310
## Breathlessness=No                  69.8022768  87.1353777 53.821348
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        53.5958216  99.7756171 80.264431
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       52.6004728  99.8504114 81.844566
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                49.3580060  97.7561705 85.391809
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       47.3011364  99.6260284 90.809416
## dyspenea=No                        48.8998483  96.4098728 85.004837
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 51.1054422  89.9027674 75.846501
## Cough=No                           50.6555944  86.6866118 73.782651
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        48.5549133  94.2408377 83.682683
## XCOPD=No                           46.5864874  98.5041137 91.164141
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        45.5381471 100.0000000 94.679136
## urbanization_level=Yes             53.1741409  68.2872102 55.369236
## severe_asthma=No                   46.7503693  94.6896036 87.326669
## gina_control=controlled            54.2410714  54.5250561 43.340858
## familial_allergy=No                49.2651062  67.6888556 59.238955
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            44.4369973  99.1772625 96.227024
## spt_any=Yes                        47.8442281  77.1877337 69.558207
## Emergency_last_year=No             45.6060606  90.0523560 85.133828
## smoking_status=never smoker        46.7895363  58.8631264 54.240568
## Gender=No                          47.6011994  47.4943904 43.018381
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        45.6206341  63.5003740 60.012899
## education=primary                  45.8081824  51.0845176 48.081264
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        46.0304054  40.7629020 38.181232
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        43.5670524  95.7367240 94.743631
## smoking_status=former smokers      40.6794425  34.9289454 37.020316
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       34.9693252   4.2632760  5.256369
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       41.3145540  59.2370980 61.818768
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       39.3548387  36.4996260 39.987101
## Gender=Yes                         39.7283531  52.5056096 56.981619
## smoking_status=current smoker      30.6273063   6.2079282  8.739116
## education=tertiary                 32.4742268   9.4240838 12.512093
## gina_steps=step3                   22.0338983   1.9446522  3.805224
## gina_control=partially controlled  37.8145219  39.3418100 44.856498
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            28.8503254   9.9476440 14.866172
## spt_any=No                         32.3093220  22.8122663 30.441793
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            9.4017094   0.8227375  3.772976
## familial_allergy=Yes               34.1772152  32.3111444 40.761045
## gina_control=uncontrolled          22.4043716   6.1331339 11.802644
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              16.2162162   2.6925954  7.158981
## severe_asthma=Yes                  18.0661578   5.3103964 12.673331
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             17.8484108   5.4599850 13.189294
## urbanization_level=No              30.6358382  31.7127898 44.630764
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        0.0000000   0.0000000  5.320864
## XCOPD=Yes                           7.2992701   1.4958863  8.835859
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       15.2173913   5.7591623 16.317317
## Cough=Yes                          21.8942189  13.3133882 26.217349
## dyspenea=Yes                       10.3225806   3.5901272 14.995163
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       1.7543860   0.3739716  9.190584
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                6.6225166   2.2438295 14.608191
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       0.3552398   0.1495886 18.155434
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        0.4901961   0.2243829 19.735569
## Breathlessness=Yes                 12.0111732  12.8646223 46.178652
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      0.0000000   0.0000000 37.858755
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       0.0000000   0.0000000 38.761690
##                                          p.value     v.test
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       0.000000e+00        Inf
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        0.000000e+00        Inf
## Breathlessness=No                  2.296636e-250  33.795498
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        2.561365e-167  27.569815
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       1.199004e-153  26.405047
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 1.874262e-77  18.628874
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        2.795687e-65  17.063050
## dyspenea=No                         3.468607e-62  16.641829
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  2.304661e-61  16.528054
## Cough=No                            2.431518e-48  14.609822
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         4.228968e-48  14.572067
## XCOPD=No                            4.146865e-43  13.764860
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         1.158892e-42  13.690388
## urbanization_level=Yes              7.480260e-37  12.681586
## severe_asthma=No                    4.073327e-29  11.200087
## gina_control=controlled             6.809567e-28  10.947781
## familial_allergy=No                 5.663091e-17   8.372036
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             4.034864e-16   8.137511
## spt_any=Yes                         5.315586e-16   8.104058
## Emergency_last_year=No              9.621759e-12   6.812050
## smoking_status=never smoker         6.775135e-06   4.500633
## Gender=No                           1.196663e-05   4.378195
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         5.522666e-04   3.454035
## education=primary                   3.586942e-03   2.912373
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         1.009184e-02   2.572667
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         3.028243e-02   2.166376
## smoking_status=former smokers       3.571916e-02  -2.100110
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        3.028243e-02  -2.166376
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        1.009184e-02  -2.572667
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        5.522666e-04  -3.454035
## Gender=Yes                          1.196663e-05  -4.378195
## smoking_status=current smoker       1.069716e-05  -4.402579
## education=tertiary                  4.848325e-06  -4.571246
## gina_steps=step3                    1.172570e-06  -4.860217
## gina_control=partially controlled   7.389544e-08  -5.381432
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             9.621759e-12  -6.812050
## spt_any=No                          5.315586e-16  -8.104058
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            4.034864e-16  -8.137511
## familial_allergy=Yes                5.663091e-17  -8.372036
## gina_control=uncontrolled           1.560310e-18  -8.785240
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               9.904803e-19  -8.836179
## severe_asthma=Yes                   4.073327e-29 -11.200087
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              6.203256e-31 -11.564943
## urbanization_level=No               7.480260e-37 -12.681586
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        1.158892e-42 -13.690388
## XCOPD=Yes                           4.146865e-43 -13.764860
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        4.228968e-48 -14.572067
## Cough=Yes                           2.431518e-48 -14.609822
## dyspenea=Yes                        3.468607e-62 -16.641829
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       2.795687e-65 -17.063050
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                1.874262e-77 -18.628874
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      1.199004e-153 -26.405047
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       2.561365e-167 -27.569815
## Breathlessness=Yes                 2.296636e-250 -33.795498
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      0.000000e+00       -Inf
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       0.000000e+00       -Inf
## 
## $`2`
##                                     Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## XCOPD=Yes                          78.83212 25.441696  8.835859 5.312393e-78
## dyspenea=Yes                       61.29032 33.568905 14.995163 2.496576e-63
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               58.71965 31.330978 14.608191 7.101052e-53
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       54.54545 32.508834 16.317317 4.953399e-46
## Breathlessness=Yes                 39.31564 66.313310 46.178652 1.187385e-43
## education=tertiary                 56.95876 26.030624 12.512093 1.001390e-39
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       38.95161 56.890459 39.987101 1.125033e-31
## spt_any=No                         41.73729 46.407538 30.441793 3.390311e-31
## Cough=Yes                          42.92743 41.107185 26.217349 1.890381e-29
## smoking_status=former smokers      37.89199 51.236749 37.020316 2.348976e-23
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            46.20390 25.088339 14.866172 4.639422e-21
## smoking_status=current smoker      52.76753 16.843345  8.739116 1.917860e-20
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     36.37138 50.294464 37.858755 3.805386e-18
## severe_asthma=Yes                  46.05598 21.319199 12.673331 1.841273e-17
## gina_control=uncontrolled          46.44809 20.023557 11.802644 8.382293e-17
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      34.94176 49.469965 38.761690 8.900175e-14
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       31.87272 71.967020 61.818768 4.619318e-13
## familial_allergy=No                32.06315 69.375736 59.238955 1.033088e-12
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              46.84685 12.249706  7.158981 1.330593e-10
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       49.69325  9.540636  5.256369 5.458456e-10
## urbanization_level=No              32.22543 52.532391 44.630764 5.949467e-08
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           50.42735  6.949352  3.772976 7.739066e-08
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       33.16993 23.910483 19.735569 4.090375e-04
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      36.14035 12.131920  9.190584 6.892978e-04
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 30.26316 48.763251 44.114802 1.405966e-03
## gina_control=partially controlled  29.97843 49.116608 44.856498 3.468497e-03
## household_damage=No                28.03807 90.223793 88.100613 2.322580e-02
## household_damage=Yes               22.49322  9.776207 11.899387 2.322580e-02
## nasal_plyposis=No                  25.10098 51.236749 55.885198 1.405966e-03
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       26.49148 87.868080 90.809416 6.892978e-04
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        25.95420 76.089517 80.264431 4.090375e-04
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            26.47453 93.050648 96.227024 7.739066e-08
## urbanization_level=Yes             23.47117 47.467609 55.369236 5.949467e-08
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 24.70238 68.433451 75.846501 6.116967e-09
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        26.14023 90.459364 94.743631 5.458456e-10
## familial_allergy=Yes               20.56962 30.624264 40.761045 1.033088e-12
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        20.10135 28.032980 38.181232 4.619318e-13
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       22.59084 50.530035 61.238310 8.900175e-14
## severe_asthma=No                   24.66765 78.680801 87.326669 1.841273e-17
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      21.89933 49.705536 62.141245 3.805386e-18
## gina_control=controlled            19.49405 30.859835 43.340858 3.201017e-18
## Emergency_last_year=No             24.09091 74.911661 85.133828 4.639422e-21
## education=primary                  18.10865 31.802120 48.081264 2.590682e-29
## Cough=No                           21.85315 58.892815 73.782651 1.890381e-29
## spt_any=Yes                        21.09411 53.592462 69.558207 3.390311e-31
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        19.66685 43.109541 60.012899 1.125033e-31
## Breathlessness=No                  17.13601 33.686690 53.821348 1.187385e-43
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        22.08092 67.491166 83.682683 4.953399e-46
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                22.01662 68.669022 85.391809 7.101052e-53
## smoking_status=never smoker        16.11177 31.919906 54.240568 2.065319e-53
## dyspenea=No                        21.39605 66.431095 85.004837 2.496576e-63
## XCOPD=No                           22.39123 74.558304 91.164141 5.312393e-78
##                                        v.test
## XCOPD=Yes                           18.696237
## dyspenea=Yes                        16.798651
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                15.304809
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        14.243027
## Breathlessness=Yes                  13.854951
## education=tertiary                  13.190035
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        11.710583
## spt_any=No                          11.616687
## Cough=Yes                           11.267894
## smoking_status=former smokers        9.957064
## Emergency_last_year=Yes              9.417049
## smoking_status=current smoker        9.266816
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes       8.684462
## severe_asthma=Yes                    8.503394
## gina_control=uncontrolled            8.325713
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes        7.456277
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes         7.236053
## familial_allergy=No                  7.126025
## gina_steps=step4 or 5                6.423634
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes         6.205323
## urbanization_level=No                5.420313
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes             5.373109
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes         3.534183
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes        3.393801
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                   3.193423
## gina_control=partially controlled    2.922845
## household_damage=No                  2.269700
## household_damage=Yes                -2.269700
## nasal_plyposis=No                   -3.193423
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        -3.393801
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         -3.534183
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             -5.373109
## urbanization_level=Yes              -5.420313
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  -5.813528
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         -6.205323
## familial_allergy=Yes                -7.126025
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         -7.236053
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        -7.456277
## severe_asthma=No                    -8.503394
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       -8.684462
## gina_control=controlled             -8.704101
## Emergency_last_year=No              -9.417049
## education=primary                  -11.240107
## Cough=No                           -11.267894
## spt_any=Yes                        -11.616687
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        -11.710583
## Breathlessness=No                  -13.854951
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        -14.243027
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                -15.304809
## smoking_status=never smoker        -15.384951
## dyspenea=No                        -16.798651
## XCOPD=No                           -18.696237
## 
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the quantitative variables
## ================================================================
##                           Eta2       P-value
## onset_age_asthma    0.43549352  0.000000e+00
## pack_years          0.29578586 1.243484e-236
## Age                 0.24358432 1.585068e-188
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 0.17448983 1.007036e-129
## kco                 0.12884219  1.621791e-93
## tlco                0.10609253  3.566026e-76
## Reversibility       0.09390223  4.615022e-67
## Neutrophiles        0.08182664  3.718283e-58
## Monocytes           0.07657845  2.538682e-54
## BMI                 0.06692974  2.496460e-47
## Basophiles          0.06021054  1.676307e-42
## Eosinophiles        0.04963974  5.609561e-35
## FeNO                0.03513386  8.699329e-25
## pd20                0.02167925  1.800861e-15
## Lymphocytes         0.01293481  1.744619e-09
## 
## Description of each cluster by quantitative variables
## =====================================================
## $`0`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## kco                  17.290929      104.5845835   97.3779717   1.297344e+01
## tlco                 11.516824      106.2680175   99.8125910   1.352593e+01
## FeNO                  5.262846       25.8563934   23.0608030   2.062754e+01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post   5.047385        0.7955313    0.7832420   7.236936e-02
## onset_age_asthma      4.132318       14.7540984   12.7716866   1.129165e+01
## Reversibility         3.826344        6.6595158    5.9481072   6.372002e+00
## Neutrophiles         -3.560000        3.6241530    3.7574492   1.213020e+00
## Monocytes            -6.476137        0.3922186    0.4195937   1.271211e-01
## pd20                 -8.197434     1732.2561008 2320.9569182   2.304724e+03
## pack_years          -14.509102        5.8938732   11.2855015   6.268824e+00
## Age                 -18.910648       42.2775956   50.4795227   1.301582e+01
##                       Overall sd      p.value
## kco                 1.501340e+01 5.505752e-67
## tlco                2.019103e+01 1.085381e-30
## FeNO                1.913459e+01 1.418423e-07
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02 4.478988e-07
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01 3.591225e-05
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00 1.300606e-04
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00 3.708542e-04
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01 9.410034e-11
## pd20                2.586920e+03 2.455733e-16
## pack_years          1.338584e+01 1.061008e-47
## Age                 1.562341e+01 9.320477e-80
## 
## $`1`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  15.916520     8.120410e-01 7.832420e-01   6.015482e-02
## tlco                  5.088505     1.019322e+02 9.981259e+01   2.209885e+01
## pd20                  4.689970     2.571254e+03 2.320957e+03   2.945558e+03
## Lymphocytes          -4.413052     1.903351e+00 1.962441e+00   5.532581e-01
## Age                  -5.822531     4.860284e+01 5.047952e+01   1.550400e+01
## Monocytes            -7.904155     3.947644e-01 4.195937e-01   1.287508e-01
## FeNO                -10.410850     1.895112e+01 2.306080e+01   1.089827e+01
## BMI                 -10.787659     2.557745e+01 2.661552e+01   3.964018e+00
## Neutrophiles        -10.821940     3.456328e+00 3.757449e+00   1.157809e+00
## Eosinophiles        -10.857096     1.670681e-01 2.004192e-01   1.095387e-01
## Basophiles          -11.324799     1.742708e-02 2.780071e-02   3.572677e-02
## pack_years          -13.789261     7.477567e+00 1.128550e+01   7.856418e+00
## Reversibility       -15.893819     3.752107e+00 5.948107e+00   3.732639e+00
## onset_age_asthma    -32.494934     1.186986e+00 1.277169e+01   5.248446e+00
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02  4.867080e-57
## tlco                2.019103e+01  3.608966e-07
## pd20                2.586920e+03  2.732446e-06
## Lymphocytes         6.490450e-01  1.019234e-05
## Age                 1.562341e+01  5.796309e-09
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01  2.697576e-15
## FeNO                1.913459e+01  2.212379e-25
## BMI                 4.664452e+00  3.936916e-27
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00  2.709786e-27
## Eosinophiles        1.488999e-01  1.845242e-27
## Basophiles          4.440150e-02  9.890495e-30
## pack_years          1.338584e+01  2.957725e-43
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00  6.993348e-57
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01 1.257292e-231
## 
## $`2`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## onset_age_asthma     31.863875     2.887868e+01 1.277169e+01   2.085534e+01
## pack_years           30.155178     2.309298e+01 1.128550e+01   1.792562e+01
## Age                  25.808906     6.227444e+01 5.047952e+01   1.064244e+01
## Neutrophiles         15.660607     4.375312e+00 3.757449e+00   1.550468e+00
## Monocytes            15.402642     4.881979e-01 4.195937e-01   1.862226e-01
## BMI                  13.833431     2.850299e+01 2.661552e+01   5.075465e+00
## Reversibility        13.738813     8.639643e+00 5.948107e+00   9.096563e+00
## Basophiles           12.512268     4.405183e-02 2.780071e-02   5.148515e-02
## Eosinophiles         10.874930     2.477856e-01 2.004192e-01   1.879999e-01
## Lymphocytes           6.196964     2.080094e+00 1.962441e+00   7.007615e-01
## FeNO                  6.179879     2.651979e+01 2.306080e+01   2.539117e+01
## pd20                  3.175555     2.561256e+03 2.320957e+03   2.127281e+03
## kco                 -16.065740     9.032245e+01 9.737797e+01   1.573121e+01
## tlco                -17.431139     8.951741e+01 9.981259e+01   1.910079e+01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -22.840218     7.246448e-01 7.832420e-01   1.088610e-01
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## onset_age_asthma    1.728090e+01 8.456842e-223
## pack_years          1.338584e+01 9.174216e-200
## Age                 1.562341e+01 7.044004e-147
## Neutrophiles        1.348758e+00  2.812013e-55
## Monocytes           1.522671e-01  1.571158e-53
## BMI                 4.664452e+00  1.601934e-43
## Reversibility       6.697326e+00  5.944198e-43
## Basophiles          4.440150e-02  6.397123e-36
## Eosinophiles        1.488999e-01  1.517715e-27
## Lymphocytes         6.490450e-01  5.756272e-10
## FeNO                1.913459e+01  6.415069e-10
## pd20                2.586920e+03  1.495500e-03
## kco                 1.501340e+01  4.435369e-58
## tlco                2.019103e+01  4.788266e-68
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 8.770554e-02 1.828093e-115

1.6.3 Radar Plots

radar_plot(labeled_original_data = results_cluster_data, clusters = results_cluster_data$clusters)

1.6.4 parallel box plots

1.6.5 parallel coordinate plot